This study presents a methodology to estimate the seven indicators of the Setting and Infrastructure criterion of the UI GreenMetric World University Ranking based on three-dimensional data from a point cloud taken from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This study also estimated the potential aerial biomass, C and CO2, stored in the green spaces of a university campus using photogrammetric data analyzed in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The method was based on isolating classified point clouds using digital surface models (DSMs) and ground control points (GCPs) considering the canopy height model (CHM), the allometric equation (DBH, p, h), the biomass conversion factor, and carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e). The results confirmed that the national models for estimating the potential C reserves in natural forests are very close to reality and that the open space and green areas available to people on campus are adequate. The use of photogrammetric data facilitated the estimation of UI GreenMetric indicators from a highly detailed, low-cost three-dimensional model. The results of a case study revealed that the campus assimilates the CO2 emissions it produces and generates a surplus.

Las mordidas abiertas pueden estar en relación con efectos de los tejidos esqueléticos, de los tejidos dentales y de tejidos blandos y, generalmente, involucran una combinación de estos (mordida abierta multifactorial). Algunas veces es posible identificar los factores etiológicos específicos pero, concretamente, en los casos de mordidas abiertas de origen esquelético, los factores responsables de la maloclusión no pueden ser identificados fácilmente. Lostratamientos de pacientes con mordida abierta se deben realizar tempranamente para que puedan teneréxito, en otra época se podría perder la oportunidad para influir en la modificación delcrecimiento, lo cual llevaría a una corrección quirúrgica. El control de la dimensión vertical es considerado el factor más importante en el tratamiento de las mordidas abiertas y la intrusión de molares es el objetivo primario para llevar a cabo los propósitos del tratamiento. Se han propuestovarias modalidades de abordaje para resolver la mordida abierta. Un tratamiento convencional consiste en inhibir el crecimiento vertical del maxilar o intruir los molares maxilares con un aditamento terapéutico intraoral. Otra aparatología reportada incluye tracción vertical conmentoneras, elásticos, aparatos funcionales de ortopedia maxilar, bloques de mordida posterior, miniplacas de anclaje, técnica multiansas wires (MEAW, imanes y varias combinaciones de cirugía Ortognática. No es clara la relación entre disfunción temporomandibular y mordidas abiertas.

Buenaventura on the Colombian Pacific coast has experienced a wide range of threats, mainly due to the effects of coastal erosion and flooding. Globally, millions of people will experience increased vulnerability in the coming decades due to climate change. The change in the coastline (1986–2020) over time was analyzed with remote sensors and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in conjunction with GIS. A total of 16 indicators were selected to quantitatively evaluate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to construct a composite vulnerability index (COVI). The endpoint rate (EPR) of the change in the coastline was estimated. The results showed that 35% of the study area was stable, 18% of the coastline experienced erosion processes, and 47% experienced accretion. The COVI analysis revealed that coastal watersheds show great spatial heterogeneity; 31.4% of the area had moderate vulnerability levels, 26.5% had low vulnerability levels, and 41.9% had high vulnerability levels. This analysis revealed that the watersheds located in the northern (Málaga Bay) and central (Anchicaya, Cajambre, and Rapposo basins) parts of the coastal zone were more vulnerable than the other areas.