Cervical cancer represents one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women all over the world. The infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the major risk factors for the development of premalignant lesions, which will progress to cervical cancer. Seaweeds are marine organisms with increased contents of bioactive compounds, which are described as potential anti-HPV and anti-cervical cancer agents. Our study aims to bring together all the results of the previous studies, conducted in order to highlight the potency of bioactive molecules from seaweeds, as anti-HPV and anti-cervical agents. This paper is a review of the English literature published between January 2010 and August 2020. We performed a systematic study in the Google Academic and PubMed databases using the key words “HPV infection”, “anticancer”, “seaweeds”, “cervical cancer” and “carcinogenesis process”, aiming to evaluate the effects of different bioactive molecules from marine algae on cervical cancer cell lines and on HPV-infected cells. Only original studies were considered for our research. None of the papers was excluded due to language usage or affiliation. Recent discoveries pointed out that sulfated polysaccharides, such as dextran sulfate heparan or cellulose sulfate, blocked the ability of HPV to infect cells, and inhibited the carcinogenesis process. Carrageenans inhibited the virions of HPV from binding the cellular wall. Fucoidan induced the growth inhibition of HeLa cervical cells in vitro. Heterofucans exhibited antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines. Terpenoids from brown algae are also promising agents with anti-cervical cancer activity. Considering all the results of the previous studies, we observed that great amounts of bioactive molecules from seaweeds could treat both unapparent HPV infection and clinical visible disease. Furthermore, these molecules were very efficient in the treatment of invasive cervical carcinomas. In these conditions, we consider seaweeds extracts as a novel and challenging therapeutic strategy, and we hope that our study paves the way for further clinical trials in the field.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a DNA virus, which affects all ages individuals. During the intrauterine life, CMV can affect the foetus and can produce severe morphological abnormalities, especially in the brain structure, leading to various neurosensorial deficiencies after birth. This study aims to demonstrate the utility of ultrasonography in identifying and establishing the long-term prognosis of the foetuses with CMV congenital infection. After a systematic review of the last 10 years literature, fifteen articles were considered from the databases for this study. The most frequently detected abnormalities are represented by periventricular cerebral calcifications, ventricular dilatations, cerebellar hypoplasia, leukomalacia, microcephaly, foetal ascites, ventricular septal defects, intrauterine growth restriction, oligoamnios or anamnios. These pathological aspects could influence the evolution of the foetuses, their long-term development and could also produce intrauterine death of the foetus. Also, the addition of MRI increases the power of ultrasound for the diagnosis of cerebral damages. These techniques could be complementary, but they should not exclude each other in exposed foetuses.

Given multiple causalities, the fetus develops an intrauterine growth restriction that compensatory stimulates the adaptative phenomena; both, the determining cause of intrauterine growth restriction and the adaptative reactions, will initiate epigenetic changes which will affect the long-term structure and functionality of the heart and will modify the cardiovascular reactivity. The study is based on a systematic review of 20 existing studies that certifies a link between epigenetic changes and adult cardiovascular disease.Against the background of epigenetic changes, postnatal nutritional and behavioral factors are added which lead to pathologies in adult life, so the proper functioning and development of the body starts from the first moments of intrauterine life and contuse postnatal, creating the premises for a healthy life. However, it is difficult to assess the environmental factors that interact with the human body and how this combination of factors determines a predisposition to cardiovascular disease.

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Although other benign conditions have a high prevalence in the reproductive age in women, leiomyoma and adenomyosis are the major clinical challenges in gynecology. Often, under diagnosed adenomyosis commonly coexists with uterine fibroids. This retrospective study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and also to assess the effectiveness of transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of leiomyoma, adenomyosis or in the coexistence of the two entities, thus to establish the optimal treatment.