Due to the proliferation in the number of vehicles on the road, traffic problems are bound to exist. This is due to the fact that the current transportation infrastructure and car parking facility developed are unable to cope with the influx of vehicles on the road. In India, the situation are made worse by the fact that the roads are significantly narrower compared to the west. Therefore problems such as traffic congestion and insufficient parking space inevitably crops up. In his paper we describe an Intelligent Car Parking System, which identifies the available spaces for parking using sensors, parks the cars in an identified empty space and gets the car back from its parked space without the help of any human personnel. A Human Machine Interface (HMI) helps in entering a unique identification number while entry of any car which helps in searching for the space where the car is parked while exit. An Indraconrol L10 PLC controls the actions of the parking system. The PLC is used to sequence the placing and fetching of the car via DC motors. We have implemented a prototype of the system. The system evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our design and implementation of car parking system.

The traditional coolants like water, water blended propylene glycol or ethylene glycol were used in automobile radiators and they possess poor thermo physical properties. The best method for augmentation of heat transfer rate in automobile radiator is the usage of nanofluids as coolants. Nano fluids are the colloidal solutions prepared by diffusion of nanopowder into base fluid. In this paper, the heat transfer performance of Al 2 O 3 /Water+EG (volume=70:30) based nanofluids were experimentally investigated while used in an automobile radiator. All the experiments were conducted for different volumetric concentrations of 0.1-0.3% of nanofluids and different flow rates of 5-7 lit/min and various working temperatures ranging from 60°C -90°C. Based on the results it was observed that radiators using nanofluids show better heat transfer performance when compared with the performance while using base fluid. The maximum enhancement in convective heat transfer coefficient of 41% was recorded with 0.3 vol% concentrations operating at 75°C of radiator inlet temperature and 7 lit/min flow rate when compared to base fluid.In the current investigations, the performance of an automobile radiator using Al 2 O 3 / water+EG based nanofluids is experimentally investigated. The results stated that nanofluids indicate better heat transfer performance compared to base fluids. The experimental results show that Nu increases in increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles and increasing fluid flow rate. A maximum of 41% enhancement in Nu was recorded with 0.3 vol% and 75°C of radiator inlet temperature with 7 lit/min flow rate. The results also state that the nusselt number increases with the rise of radiator inlet temperature. Dynamic viscosity and Thermal conductivity of nanofluids were increased with the increase of the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. Brownian Movement of nanoparticles is also an important factor that influences the heat carrying capacity of the nanofluid. The above results motivate the design engineers to develop compact and efficient radiators for automobiles.

No abstract