Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of a low carbohydrate diet on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in overweight women undergoing endurance physical training.Subjects/Methods: A randomized, controlled clinical trial included 24 overweight women, 8 of whom consumed low-calorie diets containing an adequate carbohydrate content, while 16 consumed a low carbohydrate diet. The women regularly performed semi-supervised physical exercise (walking/running) for 12 weeks. Body composition (weight, abdominal and hip circumferences) and cardiometabolic parameters were analyzed. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni post-hoc test. A p value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.