BACKGROUND Fever with thrombocytopenia is a common clinical problem in paediatric wards. Significant number of acute febrile illnesses have an infectious aetiology and are often associated with thrombocytopenia. The objective of the study was to determine the clinico-etiological profile and outcome of children admitted with febrile thrombocytopenia, especially in those with infective aetiology. METHODS The study design is a prospective observational study. It was conducted from September 2017 to August 2019 in the Department of Paediatrics, Niloufer Institute of Women and Child Health, Hyderabad. A total of hundred (100) children in the age group of 1 year to 12 years presented with fever, and thrombocytopenia were included in the study. Newborns, infants, children with febrile thrombocytopenia, known ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura), already diagnosed haematological malignancy and children on antiplatelet drugs like aspirin were excluded from the study. After informed written consent, detailed history was elicited, clinical examination and necessary laboratory investigations were carried out, and the data was captured in a pre-structured proforma. Study parameters were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 software. RESULTS The study included 100 children. A ratio of 1.4 : 1 was observed in male to female ratio. As of the clinical features, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and pain abdomen were more common, followed by headache and myalgia. On examination, two-thirds of the children had hepatomegaly, and onethird had splenomegaly. Among 100 children with febrile thrombocytopenia, 38 children had bleeding manifestations (cutaneous bleeds > GI bleeds > other bleeds) in those with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia. In the etiological profile, dengue fever was more common, followed by undiagnosed fever, enteric fever, ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), scrub typhus, malaria and leptospira, respectively. Out of 100 children, 94 were discharged, and 6 children with ALL were referred to the haemato-oncology center for further management. CONCLUSIONS Clinical presentation of cases with febrile thrombocytopenia is varied. Common causes of febrile thrombocytopenia observed in this study were dengue fever followed by un diagnosed fever and enteric fever. KEYWORDS Fever, Thrombocytopenia, Platelet count, Bleeding

Seizure disorders are a major public health problem in a developing country like India. Epilepsy characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures is a common heterogeneous neurological problem in children that exerts a significant medical, physical, psychological, social, and economic challenge. This study evaluated the importance of the available diagnostic modalities, EEG and MRI, which could influence the management, prognosis and recurrence of unprovoked seizures. The aims and objectives: To determine the role of Electroencephalography and MRI BRAIN in evaluating children presenting with unprovoked seizures. Methodology: The present study was a hospital-based observational study carried out during the period of January 2021 to December 2021 of 70 children who presented with unprovoked seizures to the Department of Paediatrics, Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad. Results: Among the 70 children who were investigated, EEG showed abnormal findings in 45 (64.29 %) cases. Out of these, the majority of 32 (45.71 %) cases had generalized seizures, and 13 (18.57 %) cases were focal seizures. MRI showed abnormal findings in 30 (42.86 %) cases, and an equal percentage of cases, 15 (21.43 %) of generalized seizures and focal seizures, were having abnormal MRI findings out of the 30 cases with abnormal MRI findings. But, when studied among the individual seizure subtype, a major proportion of focal seizure (68.18 %) cases out of 22 focal seizures had abnormal MRI findings when compared to 31.25 % of generalized seizure cases out of 48 generalized seizure cases with abnormal MRI findings. Conclusion: MRI can identify most of the structural brain abnormalities, and EEG is useful to clearly identify the region of the epileptogenic foci. Therefore, EEG and MRI were useful in identifying a possible cause for unprovoked seizures in children