A crop disease is usually defined as abnormal growth and/or dysfunction of a plant. Diseases are the result of some disturbance in the normal life process of the crop plant. Crop diseases are malfunctions caused by plant pathogenic organisms and those caused by other factors. Plant diseases play an important role in agriculture. Climate change is just one of the many ways in which the environment can move in the long term from disease-suppressive to disease-conducive or vice versa. Crop growth and production can be significantly affected due to high atmospheric CO 2 concentration, temperature, changes in precipitation patterns and frequency of extreme weather phenomena and diseases presence will altered under these condition. Increased CO 2 levels can impact both the host and the pathogen in multiple ways. New races may evolve rapidly under elevated temperature and CO 2 , as evolutionary forces act on massive pathogen populations boosted by a combination of increased fecundity and infection cycles under favorable microclimate within enlarged canopy. Elevated CO 2 concentration and temperature have impact on plant-disease interaction. This review paper starts with highlighting the studies on effect of elevated CO 2 and Temperature on Crop-disease Interactions under enhanced greenhouse gas emissions, and implications on achievement of food security and development goal. Finally, the paper concludes that the facilities that are very crucial to study effects of elevated CO 2 and Temperature on Crop-disease Interaction to achieve food security and development goal under rapidly climate of change.

In Ethiopia, acidity-related soil fertility problems are the main production constraints, reducing productivity of major crops grown in the country. The experiment was carried out to determine influence of Blended NPS fertilizer, Seed Inoculation with Rhizobium Bacteria and Vermicompost (VC) application on soybean nodulation and yield of soybean. Factorial combinations of Rhizobium (uninoculated, inoculated), three VC levels (0, 1 and 2 t ha -1 ) and three NPS levels (50%, 75% and 100% of 100 kg NPS ha -1 ) were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the highest number of nodule per plant (32.0) and number of effective nodule per plant (31.4) were recorded at the combination of 2 tons VC ha -1 and 75 kg NPS ha -1 while the highest aboveground biomass (8953 kg ha -1 ) was recorded at the combination of 2 tons VC ha -1 with 100 kg NPS ha -1 . Likewise, the combination VC 2 tons ha -1 with Rhizobium inoculation (TAL-379) gave the highest number of effective nodules per plant (26.3). On the other hand, three factors interaction of Rhizobium inoculation, VC and NPS rates significantly influenced the number of primary branches (NPB), number of pod per plant, seed yield and harvest index where the highest number of pods per plant (87.6), maximum seed yield (4180 kg ha -1 ) and maximum harvest index (47%) were recorded from the plots treated with 100 kg NPS ha -1 + 2 t VC ha -1 inoculated with Rhizobium TAL-379 strain. Thus, considering the importance of integrated nutrient management in climate mitigation and adaptation; combined application of 2 t VC ha -1 and 75 kg NPS ha -1 inoculated with Rhizobium strain TAL-379 had resulted in better and optimum yield of 3870 kg ha -1 and is tentatively recommended for use.