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BackgroundTricuspid regurgitation (TR), if untreated, is associated with an adverse impact on long‐term outcomes. In recent years, there has been an increasing enthusiasm about surgical and transcatheter treatment of patients with severe TR. We aim to evaluate the contemporary trends in the use and outcomes of tricuspid valve (TV) surgery for TR using the National Inpatient Sample.Methods and ResultsBetween January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2014, an estimated 45 477 patients underwent TV surgery for TR in the United States, of whom 15% had isolated TV surgery and 85% had TV surgery concomitant with other cardiac surgery. There was a temporal upward trend to treat sicker patients during the study period. Patients who underwent isolated TV repair or replacement had a distinctly different clinical risk profile than those patients who underwent TV surgery simultaneous with other surgery. Isolated TV replacement was associated with high in‐hospital mortality (10.9%) and high rates of permanent pacemaker implantation (34.1%) and acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (5.5%). Similarly, isolated TV repair was also associated with high in‐hospital mortality (8.1%) and significant rates of permanent pacemaker implantation (10.9%) and new dialysis (4.4%). Isolated TV repair and TV replacement were both associated with protracted hospitalizations and substantial cost.ConclusionsIn contemporary practice, surgical treatment of TR remains underused and is associated with high operative morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalizations, and considerable cost.

BackgroundData on race‐ and ethnicity‐based disparities in the utilization and outcomes of structural heart disease interventions in the United States are scarce.Methods and ResultsWe used the National Inpatient Sample (2011‐2016) to examine racial and ethnic differences in the utilization, in‐hospital outcomes, and cost of structural heart disease interventions among patients ≥65 years of age. A total of 106 119 weighted hospitalizations for transcatheter aortic valve replacement, transcatheter mitral valve repair, and left atrial appendage occlusion were included. The utilization rates (defined as the number of procedures performed per 100 000 US people >65 years of age) were higher in whites compared with blacks and Hispanics for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (43.1 versus 18.0 versus 21.1), transcatheter mitral valve repair (5.0 versus 3.2 versus 3.2), and left atrial appendage occlusion (6.6 versus 2.1 versus 3.5), respectively (P<0.001). Black and Hispanic patients had distinctive socioeconomic and clinical risk profiles compared with white patients. There were no significant differences in the adjusted in‐hospital mortality or key complications between patients of white race, black race, and Hispanic ethnicity following transcatheter aortic valve replacement, transcatheter mitral valve repair, or left atrial appendage occlusion. No difference in cost was observed between white and black patients following any of the 3 procedures. However, Hispanic patients incurred modestly higher cost with transcatheter mitral valve repair and left atrial appendage occlusion compared with white patients.ConclusionsRacial and ethnic disparities exist in the utilization of structural heart disease interventions in the United States. Nonetheless, adjusted in‐hospital outcomes were comparable among white, black, and Hispanic patients. Further studies are needed to understand the reasons for these utilization disparities.

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