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Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relation-

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Swabs of crop contents of 635 broiler chickens were obtained from 9 Ontario and 12 Quebec processing plants and cultured for Salmonella to determine prevalence in broiler crops. Serotypes of positive cultures were determined to evaluate the serotype profile. The overall prevalence of contamination was low (4.3%). Prevalence was higher in broilers sampled in Quebec (5.8%) than in those sampled in Ontario (2.2%). In Quebec, there were differences in prevalence among the groups of broilers sampled at the various plants. These differences were believed to be attributable to differences in Salmonella prevalence among groups of flocks delivered to the plants due to the limited exposure of the chickens to the plant. The serotype profile of Salmonella isolated from the crops of broilers in this study was similar in several respects to profiles obtained from other surveys of Canadian broiler flocks using either environmental samples or cloacal swabs. Similarities included: predominance of Salmonella hadar and Salmonella heidelberg; several other common serotypes at a low prevalence; little Salmonella enteritidis isolated in other studies, and no S. enteritidis isolated in this study. Results of this field survey of Salmonella in crops of broilers are similar to those of Canadian studies of other internal and environmental sites of broilers. The similarity indicates that monitoring of Salmonella environments of flocks of live broiler chickens should define profiles of Salmonella contamination of the carcasses and would also aid in determination of Salmonella contamination status of broiler flocks. Such information would assist efforts to reduce Salmonella contamination in broiler chickens.