Aim:The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship of udder shape, teat-end shape, teat length, and teat diameter with intra-mammary infection in Jersey crossbred cows under hot-humid climate.Materials and Methods:A total of 24 lactating Jersey crossbred cows were evaluated for udder shape (pendulous/regular) and teat-end shape (flat/inverted/pointed) by visual examination, while teat length and teat diameter were measured using vernier caliper. Monthly milk sampling was done for 4 months of duration. Few quarters were found as blind or non-functional and so, a total of 366 quarter wise milk samples were collected at the monthly interval and subjected to somatic cell count (SCC) microscopically. The data on SCC were transformed into log scale and analyzed.Results:There was a significant (p<0.01) effect of udder shape and teat-end shape on SCC level. The mean SCC level for pendulous udder was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to the regular shaped udder. Similarly, significantly (p<0.05) a higher level of mean SCC was found in flat teat-end shape. A significant (p<0.01) correlation was found between SCC and teat length as well as teat diameter.Conclusion:In conclusion, pendulous udder, flat and inverted teat-end, very long and thick teat were more susceptible to intra-mammary infection in Jersey crossbred cows and these traits must be considered accordingly while selecting dairy animals for future milk production.

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Camel calves (10),7-to 10-month-old, were allotted randon1ly into 2 conlparable groups of 5 each. First group "vas reared under intensive systenl of management (ISM) with concentrate supplernentation. The second group was reared under semi-intensive system of nlanagement (8ISM) and allowed daily grazing/browsing for about 6 to 7 h. All animals were offered moth crop residue as manger feeding. Watering was done once daily for all camels in both the groups. After 180 days of trial period, Inean body weight and average growth rate were significantly increased in ISM as compared to SISM group. The average total gain was alnl0st double in ISM than SISM. The crop residue intake significantly (P

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Nature B.V.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com". AbstractTo find out the effect of reducing energy intake during dry period on milk production, udder health, and body condition, the experiment was conducted on 14 Jersey crossbred cows during whole dry period and continued up to 120 days of lactation. Reduction in energy intake was done during far-off period for each dry cow of treatment group as compared to control group. Statistically analyzed data revealed that overall significantly (P < 0.01) lower DMI and WI were recorded in control than treatment group. Overall significantly (P < 0.01) higher total milk production was found in treatment than control group. Overall significantly (P < 0.01) lower milk SCC, MCMT, pH, and EC were found in treatment than control group. Nonsignificant difference in milk fat, SNF, total solid, total protein, and fat:protein ratio was found. Overall significantly (P < 0.01) better quality milk (MBRT) was found in treatment than control groups. BCS during dry period and at calving was significantly (P < 0.01) different between groups. Significantly (P < 0.01) higher plasma NEFA concentration was estimated in control than treatment groups in all stages. No significant difference was found for plasma concentrations of glucose, urea, and total protein. The coefficients of correlation indicated significant (P < 0.01) correlation among BCS, milk production, milk SCC, MCMT, pH, and EC. It can be concluded that reducing energy intake during far-off dry period can lead to achieve optimum BCS at calving. Suitable BCS at calving was beneficial to get higher milk production with improved quality, better maintenance of udder health and body condition of Jersey crossbred cows at tropical lower Gangetic region.

Management systems were compared by conducting 2 trials with different feeding practices. Trials 1 and 2 were conducted by feeding guar phalgati and moth chara as manger feeding, respectively, for 165 days each to 5 camel calves each under intensive system of management (ISM) and semi-intensive system of management (SIM). Total gain in body weight was higher in SIM than ISM group in both the trials. Mean body weight and average growth rate significantly increased in SIM as compared to ISM group at the end of both the trials. The mean moth chara intake was significantly (P<0.05) more in ISM than SIM. The important hair minerals (calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese) increased significantly in SIM as compared to ISM group. The manganese status varied significantly (P<0.05) between groups in moth chara trial. Feeding cost/calf/day and total cost were high in ISM than SIM group in both the trials. Total cost/kg body weight gain was quite less and economical in SIM as compared to ISM group. The study indicated SIM better than ISM for economic rearing of camel calf.