Background: Depression is a commonly studied mental disorder affecting Chinese internal (i.e., rural-to-urban) migrants. Social resources effectively reduce depression for many communities experiencing adversities. This study evaluated social-level risk factors for depression between internal migrant and non-migrant Chinese living in mainland China. Method: We conducted a random populationlevel survey among migrants and local residents living in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews. We used items from the Social Support Rating Scale to measure social resource dimensions, including social network size, emotional support, structural social capital, and one (self-developed) item that measured belonging (an element of social cohesion). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 measured depression. Correlation and regression analyses of the partial sample (n = 678) were conducted to estimate the association between social resources and depression for migrants (n = 383) and non-migrants (n = 295). Results: Stratified regression analysis demonstrated that for migrants, greater belonging was associated with less depression, while age and larger friendship social network size was related to less depression among non-migrants. Conclusion: Differences emerged in our sample with regard to the types of social resources that are protective against depression between migrants and non-migrants. Interventions that provide opportunities for migrants to better integrate and feel welcomed into their new communities may reduce their depression symptoms. Keywords: migration, China, depression, mental health, social resourcesIn mainland China, there is a massive internal Chinese migrant population (i.e., Chinese rural-to-urban migrants). Megacities such as Guangzhou have undergone rapid economic development and changes in population composition, and an increasing number of migrants may experience a mental health burden. For the general population, studies showed the 12-month prevalence for depression was 1.1% to 3.3% (Chen, Cheng, Huang, Liu, & Luo, 2012; Lee et al., 2007;Lu et al., 2008;Ma et al., 2009;Zhang et al., 2008), while the lifetime prevalence was between 0.5% and 6.1% in China (Lee et al., 2007; Lee et al., Address for correspondence: Brian J. Hall, PhD, Assistant Professor and Director, Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Macau, E21-3040 Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau (SAR), People's Republic of China. Email: brianhall@umac.mo 2009; Li et al., 2008;Lu et al., 2008;Ma et al., 2009; Wei et al., 2010;Zhang et al., 2008;Zhao et al., 2009). Furthermore, in a meta-analytic review, it was shown that the prevalence of depressive symptoms in China was 2.3% for 12-months and 3.3% for lifetime respectively (Gu et al., 2013). In comparison, Chinese migrants were more vulnerable to depression, with a prevalence between 12.8% to 21.4% (Mou et al., 2011;Qiu et al., 2011;Wong, He, Leung, Lau, & Chang, 2008).Migrant communities are exposed to socia...