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Biomass is one of the largest concentrated carbon source available for producing renewable energy. Thermochemical conversion of biomass has been used for centuries in various settings. Biomass typically has a higher oxygen and volatile matter content than other solid carbon feedstocks, resulting in increased reactivity during conversion by thermochemical pathways. Moisture content of the biomass feedstock exerts significant influence on the conversion process and is an important criteria used to classify various thermochemical conversion technologies. This chapter discusses the current status and future outlook of thermochemical biomass conversion processes.

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Biogas conversion to syngas by steam reforming was studied over metal-foam-coated Pd-Rh catalysts with variable CeZrO 2-Al 2 O 3 support compositions. Catalysts with a higher CeZrO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio exhibited greater CH 4 and CO 2 conversions and higher H 2 /CH 4 yields, while displaying lower H 2 /CO ratios and reduced coke formation. Catalytic stability tests over 200 h showed CH 4 and CO 2 conversion rates of 93-97% and 0-5%, respectively. CeZrO 2-modification of the catalyst leads to reduction in the BET area and metal dispersion. Sintering was observed in used catalysts; however there was no clear correlation between the extent of morphological deterioration and the CeZrO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of the catalyst support.

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