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This paper examines the impact of public spending on ASEAN-5 countries economic development. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence, reference and contribute to the knowledge about government spending and economic growth. This study involves ASEAN-5 countries. The countries are Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia. The countries are chosen because there is a lack of study of government expenditure for ASEAN-5 countries using panel data. The data covers from year 1990 to 2014. The data is retrieved from the World Development Indicators (World Bank). The dependent variable is gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is used to measure economic growth. The main independent variable is government expenditure. The other independent variables are gross capital formation, portfolio investment, labor, trade, total reserve and gross savings. A clear understanding about inter-linkages between government spending and economic growth will help the government in making better decision for the country. As ASEAN countries have responsibility for ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2025 to meet its objectives, ASEAN governments are expected to effectively monitor the public spending as fiscal instrument in stimulating economic growth. Government expenditure may become unproductive if misallocating and using it in excess. From this study, there is evidence that government expenditure has impact on economic growth. Future research is expected to expand the investigation to other composition of government spending such as education, defense and infrastructure expenditures instead of using general government final consumption expenditures.

The main objective of the current study is to examine the direct impact of the strategic orientation and organizational culture on the firm performance of banks operating in the Thailand. Additionally, the study has also examined the mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between strategic orientation and firm performance, and between organizational culture and firm performance. The suitability of the activities of an organization is determined through innovation and strong culture, which contributes to the performance an organization (OP). A questionnaire based on structured questions was developed with reference to the objectives of the research. The data was analyzed using structural equation modelling that is regarded as technique of second generation. This is referred as second-generation technique due to some limitations of first-generation techniques. The response rate of the study is 63.4 percent. It was revealed by the results that significant and positive relation exists between hard/soft HR strategic orientations, continuance, and affective components of commitment. However, there was negative association of normative commitment with hard HR. The caring organizational attitude with its employees is regarded as soft HR and limited or rigid behavior is indicated by hard HR. The findings of the study have provided support to the proposed results.

The performance plays a key role in the long-term survival of the organizations. If the performance of the organization increases, then the organization may lead in the global perspective. There are various factors that could lead to the performance. Among those, the supply chain management practices (SCMP) play an important role to increase the performance. The SCMP factors may also enhance the competitive advantage of the organizations. Furthermore, the manager support may provide insight to manage the SCM activities which could aid enhance firm performance (FP). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the SCMP and FP with the moderating and mediating effect in the chemical industry of Thailand. The data was collected from the supply chain managers by using a simple random technique. The SEM direct effect shows that SCMA had a significant and positive connection with firm performance FP. In addition, SCMP does not seem to have any significant relationship with the competitive advantage. While competitive advantage has a positive and significant effect on FP. On the other hand, the indirect effect shows that SCMP and FP relationship were partially mediated from the competitive advantage. Moreover, the manager's support did not significantly moderate the SCMP and FP relationship. The current study added literature in the extant literature in the form of empirical findings which could help the researchers explore their studies in future. The study may also provide help to owners as well as to shareholders to know about the importance of the SCMP, competitive advantage and managers' support to increase their FP.

The purpose of this study is to embrace the theoretical context of operational proficiency and accordingly examines the connection between human resource-linked with quality assurance system and development of novel product taking with the consideration to operational proficiency, learning system, knowledge assimilation, and strategic adaptability. Learning system and knowledge assimilation are correlated with strategic adaptability of an organization, and strategic adaptability is the established capability, which enables development of novel product. In order to empirically examine the connection, data was gathered from ASEAN organizations and structural equation modeling was carried out. Findings reveal that human resource connected with quality assurance system facilitate in establishing learning focused organization, unifying knowledge and assists in development of novel product. Moreover, Unification of knowledge is progressively associated with development of new product via strategic adaptability.