Aim:The aims of this review are to assess the anti-viral and targeting strategies using nano materials and the possibility of using Silver nanoparticles for combating the SARS-CoV-2. Background: The novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic and has spread rapidly worldwide. Researchers have successfully identified the molecular structure of the novel coronavirus however significant success has not yet been observed with the therapies currently in clinical trials and exhaustive studies are yet to be carried out in the long road to discovery of a vaccine or a possible cure. Another hurdle associated with the discovery of a cure is the mutation of this virus which may occur at any point in time. Hypothesis: Previous studies have identified a wide number of strains of Coronaviruses with differences in virulent properties. Silver nanoparticles have been used extensively in anti-viral research with promising results in-vitro. However, it has not yet been tested for the same in clinical subjects. It has also been tested on two variants of coronavirus in-vitro with significant data to understand the pathogenesis and which may be implemented in further research possibly in other variants of coronavirus. Another interesting targeting approach would be to test the effect of Silver Nanoparticles on TNF-α as well as Interleukins in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Conclusion: Sufficient evidence is required for its therapeutic potential and it still has to go a long way in SARS-CoV-2 research.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally and the increase in cardiovascular mortality and heart failure are common in all age groups. This may be due to accelerated atherosclerosis and compelling epidemiological and clinical data indicate that diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. The present study was conceived to explore the cardioprotective activity of cucurbitacin enriched fraction of Momordica dioica Roxb (MDR) fruit (CEFMD) against isoproterenol (ISO) and stress-induced cardiotoxicity on normal rats. CEFMD was prepared and standardized by precipitation test and TLC fingerprint. The fraction was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities like DPPH and reducing power. The in vivo cardioprotective activity of CEFMD was done at three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 15 days and activity was compared with that of carvedilol. The various parameters like non-serum parameters-ECG, heart rate, wet heart weight, serum biomarkers (CKMB, LDH, SGOT), endogenous antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA were determined in heart tissue homogenate. To support the activity histopathological observations were also done. The results of our study reveal the cardioprotective activity of CEFMD and significant activity was observed at low dose and activity was decreased as the dose increases. The same was observed in all parameters and further research is required to find out the exact reason for it.

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Cancer is a genetic disease associated with the diverse molecular alterations resulting in several obstacles in diagnosis. Such mutations may result in improper therapy and lead to several types of resistance. Recent advances have helped in identifying existing biomarkers as well as novel ones. These biomarkers could be a number of biochemical entities including nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, lipids and small metabolites, cytogenetic and cytokinetic parameters and even tumour cells present in the biological fluid. Biomarkers have many potential applications in oncology, including risk assessment, screening, differential diagnosis, determination of prognosis, prediction of response to treatment and monitoring of progression of disease. The identification of biomarkers will help in the development of better therapeutic alternatives in turn providing benefit to the patients. In this perspective, we have identified a handful of such mutations with respect to the clinical aspects and which may help in identifying a possible role in cancer and targeting approaches in prospective research.