Background: Aerobics exercise training and kettlebell training is recommended to prevent and control overweight/obesity.   Purpose: The aim of the this research is to assess the improvement in various variables related to health fitness among obese adults on administrating a twelve weeks aerobics exercise training and kettlebell training. Materials and Methods: Total sixty male adults with obese (Mean ± SD; age: 18.92 ± 1.54 yrs.; height: 172.4 ± 5.4 cm.; weight: 84.4 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly allocated into three equal (n = 20) groups: Aerobic Exercise Training (AET), Kettlebell Training (KBT) and a control group. The AET & KBT training protocol was performed three days per week for 12 weeks. All the selected variables of physical fitness has been examined at baseline and 12 weeks.   Control group does not perform any exercise. Analysis and findings: There were significant difference in terms of Flexibility (F), Muscular Endurance (ME), Muscular Strength (MS) and Cardiovascular Endurance (CE), between the AETG & KBTG have been compared with control group (p < 0.05).  Body Composition (BF) significant reductions in AET & KBT groups have been compared with control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AET & KBT protocols have greater effects than control group on health related physical fitness variables in obese male adult individuals. It is recommended that schools and colleges should administrate the aerobic exercise session and kettlebell training among adults for better health perspectives.

Purpose. The novel coronavirus is the recently emerged disease of the respiratory system for which various national and international research agencies are putting joint efforts towards finding a permanent cure. Recently, the vaccine against coronavirus has been designed by various pharmaceutical agencies that are currently undergoing clinical trials. Since vaccines prevent infection by strengthening the defense system of the body, we proposed that yoga and physical exercises could act as an integrative approach to synergize the immunogenic response of the coronavirus vaccine. Yoga and physical exercises are already known to boost immunity against several other infections. Materials and Methods. In the present review article, we aimed towards exploring the role of yoga and physical exercise as an immunity booster against coronavirus infection. Being India is a low-income country, yoga and physical exercises could be an excellent cost-effective strategy that could be administrated along with vaccine trials to enhance immunity against virus infection. Results. In the present review, we analyze the studies conducted to date focusing on finding the role of yoga and physical exercises to prevent coronavirus infection. We also described the potential exercises, which are already known to enhance the immunity of the body by particularly targeting respiratory disease. Conclusion. The present review article will help in providing the health agencies potential targets, which could further be explored to established a standard exercise module to enhance the vaccine-mediated immunity against coronavirus infection.

This study was performed to determine the impact of sex and sport-discipline on physical fitness and bone markers in young sub-elite track and field athletes. One hundred and forty-four track and field sub-elite athletes (78 males aged 17.8 ± 1.6 years; 66 females aged 17.2 ± 1.9 years) volunteered to participate in this study and were categorized according to their disciplines in endurance (EG: n=67) or power athletes (PG: n=77). A significant main effect of sex was observed for C-telopeptide type I collagen (CTx) (F=11.37; p<0.001; 2=0.10, moderate), for osteocalcin (OC) (F=8.58; p<0.004; 2=0.09, moderate) and for N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP) (F=7.96; p<0.05; 2=0.07, moderate). The average CTx, OC and P1NP levels were significantly higher in males compared with females (0.05<p<0.001; 2= 0.07 to 0.10, moderate). In addition, a significant main effect of sport-discipline was observed only for P1NP values (F=10.16; p<0.002; 2=0.09, moderate) with EG showing higher levels than PG. For jumping and sprinting tests, the PG performed better than the EG. For the endurance test, EG had better performance than OG. Endurance and power exercise practices can increase bone formation markers (P1NP, OC), but only anaerobic training (PG group) appears to positively impact on male track and field athletes.

Background and Study Aim: Hematological investigation plays a meaningful role in determining the physical standard and performance of the athletes in various games. It is a measure for an athlete’s health and physical gesture. The present study portrays the platelet count analysis of university-level female athletes playing volleyball, judo, and football respectively. Material and Methods: 54 female athletes (18 from each game) were selected for the study. The platelet count relationship was the criterion for the present study to differentiate the physical standards of the female players among three different games. To obtain the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey’s HSD test were used to set the significance level of p < 0.05. Results: We found the present results displayed the platelet counts of the players participating in Judo are comparatively higher as compared to football and volleyball. Conclusions: It was observed that there was no correlation between platelet counts between the players participating in three games. No relationship exists between the players from different games concerning their platelet counts. No significant correlation between the three games existed pair-wise individually for comparative statistical analysis as their p > 0.05.

Purpose: Several studies have shown that platelet size is a reliable indicator of platelet activity and, therefore, a valuable biomarker for cardiovascular events. Many inflammatory and prothrombotic disorders have been linked to it. As a biomarker for inflammation and neoplastic disease, This study aims to examine existing research on changes to mean platelet volume (MPV). Materials and methods: The present study portrays MPV comparison among the female players who participated in three games viz Yoga, Volleyball, and Rugby conducted at the university level throughout India with age groups ranging from 17 to 25 years in the sample. The sample size is 45, with 15 players chosen from each game Yoga, Volleyball, and Rugby. Results: The results mean, standard deviation (SD), standard error of the mean (SEM), and lowest and maximum scores were used to examine the data. SPSS software was used to do the One-Way Analysis of variance. It was observed that there is a significant difference in the MPV of players from three distinct sports. Furthermore, there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the MPV between the players participating in individual games. The present results displayed the values of MPV among players from different games are independent of one another and unaffected by one another. Conclusion: The study's findings indicate a significant difference in the MPV of players from three distinct sports. However, when MPV of Volleyball and rugby players were compared, it was discovered that they were connected. In conclusion, MPV among players from different games are independent of one another and unaffected by one another. Variability in MPV was also observed across all sample sizes in the study.