In TiO 2-CuO systems, low-temperature sinterability was investigated by a conventional sintering method. Sintering temperatures were set at under 950 o C, at which the volume diffusion is inactive. The temperatures are less than the melting point of Ag (961 o C), which is often used as an internal conductor in low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology. To optimize the amount of CuO dopant, various dopant contents were added. The optimum level for enhanced densification was 2 wt% CuO. Excess dopants were segregated to the grain boundaries. The segregated dopants supplied a high diffusion path, by which grain boundary diffusion improved. At lower temperatures in the solid state region, grain boundary diffusion was the principal mass transport mechanism for densification. The enhanced grain boundary diffusion, therefore, improved densification. In this regard, the results of this study prove that the sintering mechanism was the same as that of activated sintering.
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