The rapidly increased availability of always-on broadband telecommunication environments and lower-cost vital signs monitoring devices bring the advantages of telemedicine directly into the patient's home. Hence, the control of access to remote medical servers' resources has become a crucial challenge. A secure authentication scheme between the medical server and remote users is therefore needed to safeguard data integrity, confidentiality and to ensure availability. Recently, many authentication schemes that use low-cost mobile devices have been proposed to meet these requirements. In contrast to previous schemes, Khan et al. proposed a dynamic ID-based remote user authentication scheme that reduces computational complexity and includes features such as a provision for the revocation of lost or stolen smart cards and a time expiry check for the authentication process. However, Khan et al.'s scheme has some security drawbacks. To remedy theses, this study proposes an enhanced authentication scheme that overcomes the weaknesses inherent in Khan et al.'s scheme and demonstrated this scheme is more secure and robust for use in a telecare medical information system.

Portable communication systems (PCSs) provide a convenient means of communication; however, many problems arise relating to data security, user privacy, computational load, and communicational efficiency. To provide solutions for these problems, we introduce the concept of delegation into the wireless communication system. This new model makes our scheme an especially valuable improvement to portable communication systems.

Many emerging application domains are being developed for smart living environments. In particular, smart living environments that provide assistance for aging populations are becoming increasingly feasible. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement for a ubiquitous health monitoring (UHM) system. The proposed authentication scheme for UHM system consists of a wireless body area network, inexpensive sensors, a personal mobile device, and a medical server. To prevent fraudulent behavior, the mutual authentication between elements is necessary. However, the current security mechanism for UHM system is not clearly described. In such a way, a secure authentication for UHM system is proposed which can protect the patient-data well and is suitable for currently available wireless sensors.

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