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It is important to monitor the temperature and H2O concentration in a large combustion environment in order to improve combustion (and thermal) efficiency and reduce harmful combustion emissions. However, it is difficult to simultaneously measure both internal temperature and gas concentration in a large combustion system because of the harsh environment with rapid flow. In regard, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, which has the advantages of non-intrusive, high-speed response, and in situ measurement, is highly attractive for measuring the concentration of a specific gas species in the combustion environment. In this study, two partially overlapped H2O absorption signals were used in the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) to measure the temperature and H2O concentration in a premixed CH4/air flame due to the wide selection of wavelengths with high temperature sensitivity and advantages where high frequency modulation can be applied. The wavelength regions of the two partially overlapped H2O absorptions were 1.3492 and 1.34927 μm. The measured signals separated the multi-peak Voigt fitting. As a result, the temperature measured by TDLAS based on multi-peak Voigt fitting in the premixed CH4/air flame was the highest at 1385.80 K for an equivalence ratio of 1.00. It also showed a similarity to those tendencies to the temperature measured by the corrected R-type T/C. In addition, the H2O concentrations measured by TDLAS based on the total integrated absorbance area for various equivalent ratios were consistent with those calculated by the chemical equilibrium simulation. Additionally, the H2O concentration measured at an equivalence ratio of 1.15 was the highest at 18.92%.

Three-dimensional (3D) handheld photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) imaging performed using mechanical scanning are more useful than conventional 2D PA/US imaging for obtaining local volumetric information and reducing operator dependence. In particular, 3D multispectral PA imaging can capture vital functional information, such as hemoglobin concentrations and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2), of epidermal, hemorrhagic, ischemic, and cancerous diseases. However, the accuracy of PA morphology and physiological parameters is hampered by motion artifacts during image acquisition. The aim of this paper is to apply appropriate correction to remove the effect of such motion artifacts. We propose a new motion compensation method that corrects PA images in both axial and lateral directions based on structural US information. 3D PA/US imaging experiments are performed on a tissue-mimicking phantom and a human wrist to verify the effects of the proposed motion compensation mechanism and the consequent spectral unmixing results. The structural motions and sO2 values are confirmed to be successfully corrected by comparing the motion-compensated images with the original images. The proposed method is expected to be useful in various clinical PA imaging applications (e.g., breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and carotid artery disease) that are susceptible to motion contamination during multispectral PA image analysis.

Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) is becoming more important method to measure the physical properties in real time such as temperature, gas concentration, velocity and pressure. It is more useful in huge combustion systems because of their harsh environment conditions. And a combustion gas concentration like CO and CO 2 can be a factor to indicate the energy efficiency of a combustion system. In this study, a research was carried out to calculate the respective gas concentrations of two species mixture using TDLAS method. Experiments were performed to calculate the respective gas concentrations of a mixed gas by analyzing two types of wavelength absorption signals, one gas affected absorption signal and combined absorption signal. And its results were compared with actual concentration values of the mixture. As a result, each gas concentration can be well-calculated by proposed method in this article, even if there is no independent absorption signal of a measurement target gas of the mixture. 

In a combustion reaction of hydrocarbon fuel, carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas species that is closely related to air pollution generation and combustion efficiency. It has a trade-off with nitrogen oxide and increases rapidly in case of incomplete combustion or in fuel-rich (Φ > 1) environments. Therefore, it is essential to measure CO concentration in order to optimize the combustion condition. In the case of a steel annealing system, the combustion environment is maintained in a deoxidation atmosphere to prevent the formation of an oxide layer on the steel sheet surface. However, it is difficult to measure the CO concentration in a combustion furnace in real-time because of the harsh environment in the furnace. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, which has the advantages of non-invasiveness, fast response, and in situ measurement-based optical measurement, is highly attractive for measuring the concentration of a certain gas species in a combustion environment. In this study, a combustion system of a partially premixed flamed burner was designed to control the equivalence ratio for fuel-rich conditions. CO concentration was measured using a distributed feedback laser with a wavenumber of 4300.7 cm−1 in the mid-infrared region. The results showed that the CO concentration measured at an equivalence ratio of 1.15 to 1.50 was 0.495% to 6.139%. The detection limit in the combustion environment was analyzed at a path length of 190 cm and an internal temperature of 733 K. The ranges of the peak absorbance were derived as 0.064 and 0.787, which were within the theoretical bounds of 10−3 and 0.80 when the equivalence ratio was varied from 1.15 to 1.50.