Coherent structures are spatially varying regions which disperse minimally over time and organise motion in non-autonomous systems. This work develops and implements algorithms providing multilayered descriptions of time-dependent systems which are not only useful for locating coherent structures, but also for detecting time windows within which these structures undergo fundamental structural changes, such as merging and splitting events. These algorithms rely on singular value decompositions associated to Ulam type discretisations of transfer operators induced by dynamical systems, and build on recent developments in multiplicative ergodic theory. Furthermore, they allow us to investigate various connections between the evolution of relevant singular value decompositions and dynamical features of the system. The approach is tested on models of periodically and quasi-periodically driven systems, as well as on a geophysical dataset corresponding to the splitting of the Southern Polar Vortex.

We develop a transfer operator-based method for the detection of coherent structures and their associated lifespans. Characterising the lifespan of coherent structures allows us to identify dynamically meaningful time windows, which may be associated with transient coherent structures in the localised phase space, as well as with time intervals within which these structures experience fundamental changes, such as merging or separation events. The localised transfer operator approach we pursue allows one to explore the fundamental properties of a dynamical system without full knowledge of the dynamics. The algorithms we develop prove useful not only in the simple case of a periodically driven double well potential model, but also in more complex cases generated using the rotating Boussinesq equations.

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Coherent structures are spatially varying regions which disperse minimally over time and organise motion in non-autonomous systems. This work develops and implements algorithms providing multilayered descriptions of time-dependent systems which are not only useful for locating coherent structures, but also for detecting time windows within which these structures undergo fundamental structural changes, such as merging and splitting events. These algorithms rely on singular value decompositions associated to Ulam type discretisations of transfer operators induced by dynamical systems, and build on recent developments in multiplicative ergodic theory. Furthermore, they allow us to investigate various connections between the evolution of relevant singular value decompositions and dynamical features of the system. The approach is tested on models of periodically and quasi-periodically driven systems, as well as on a geophysical dataset corresponding to the splitting of the Southern Polar Vortex.

We develop a transfer operator-based method for the detection of coherent structures and their associated lifespans. Characterising the lifespan of coherent structures allows us to identify dynamically meaningful time windows, which may be associated with transient coherent structures in the localised phase space, as well as with time intervals within which these structures experience fundamental changes, such as merging or separation events. The localised transfer operator approach we pursue allows one to explore the fundamental properties of a dynamical system without full knowledge of the dynamics. The algorithms we develop prove useful not only in the simple case of a periodically driven double well potential model, but also in more complex cases generated using the rotating Boussinesq equations.