No abstract

The introduction of enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) has led to a considerable paradigm shift towards evidence-based, multidisciplinary perioperative care. Such pathways are now widely implemented in a variety of surgical specialties, with largely positive results. In this narrative review, we summarize the principles, components and implementation of ERPs, focusing on recent developments in the field. We also discuss ‘special cases’ in ERPs, including: surgery in frail patients; emergency procedures; and patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00540-022-03088-x.

Introduction! ! 78 patients recruited! Passed away (3)! Lost to follow up (4)! 71 patients' data for analysis! POCD (36) = 51%! No POCD (45)! Acknowledgements: We thank the Department of Anaesthesia, National University Health System for their help with this study, as well as An