No abstract

No abstract

Various user authentication schemes with smart cards have been proposed. Generally, researchers implicitly assume that the contents of a smart card cannot be revealed. However, this is not true. An attacker can analyze the leaked information and obtain the secret values in a smart card. To improve on this drawback, we involve a fingerprint biometric and password to enhance the security level of the remote authentication scheme Our scheme uses only hashing functions to implement a robust authentication with a low computation property. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

This study proposes a novel hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to evaluate green suppliers in an electronics company. Seventeen criteria in two dimensions concerning environmental and management systems were identified under the Code of Conduct of the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC). Following this, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) used the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method (known as DANP) to determine both the importance of evaluation criteria in selecting suppliers and the causal relationships between them. Finally, the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method was used to evaluate the environmental performances of suppliers and to obtain a solution under each evaluation criterion. An illustrative example of an electronics company was presented to demonstrate how to select green suppliers.