Photo[2+2]cycloaddition of olefins is a sought-after tool for making cyclobutanes, which are the building blocks for a wide range of biologically active molecules and natural products. However, the formation of cyclobutane derivatives from aryl terminal olefins is problematic due to their high redox potential, and high energy in the excited state, making visible-light-absorbing photocatalyst difficult to realize either electron or energy transfer to olefins during the photocyclic addition process. Herein, we report, for the first time, the aggregationinduced photo[2+2]cycloaddition of two olefins by visible-light catalysis in homogeneous solution. An array of control experiments and spectroscopic analyses reveal that the terminal olefins tend to aggregate to form excimers/exciplexes, which possess much lower energy than their monomeric forms, and enables triplet energy transfer from excited Ir(ppy) 3 * to supramolecular self-assembly feasible, leading to homo and cross [2+2] photodimerization of the olefins to fabricate cyclobutanes at ambient conditions in good to excellent yields.

Background: HSV disrupts nuclear lamina for release from nucleus during productive infection. Results: A cellular protein, p32, contributes to the release of HSV from nucleus. Conclusion: p32 is hijacked by viral protein ICP34.5 to facilitate HSV nuclear egress and growth. Significance: The discovery of a novel target for viral protein provides insight for viral propagation.

Melt blending of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and ethylene/ methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EGA) containing relatively high-concentration epoxide groups (8 wt%) was performed to improve the toughness and crystallization of PLA. The results of nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization investigation showed that the addition of EGA accelerated the crystallization rate and increased the final crystallinity of PLA in the blends. Significant enhancement in toughness and flexibility of PLA were achieved by the incorporation of the EGA elastomer. When 20 wt% EGA added, the impact strength increased from 3.0 kJ m 22 of neat PLA to 59.8 kJ m 22 and the elongation at break increased from 4.9 to 232.0%. The failure mode changed from brittle fracture of neat PLA to ductile fracture of the blend.