Cite as: Can Urol Assoc J 2015;9(7-8):E514-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2662 Published online July 17, 2015. AbstractBladder leiomyosarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tumour, accounting for less than 0.5% of all primary bladder malignancies. Adult women of reproductive age have the higher incidence of bladder leiomyosarcoma. Exposure to local pelvic radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy, especially cyclophosphamide therapy, is also a significant risk factor. We describe a case of a 31-year-old male who developed urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma. The patient had no history of radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, or other significant event, except a 5-year history of ketamine abuse. The tumour was found on the left bladder wall and was definitively diagnosed by transurethral resection of the bladder tumour. A partial cystectomy was performed. There are no known reports of urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma associated with chronic ketamine abuse; therefore, we speculate that chronic ketamine abuse may be a factor in the development of this infrequent bladder malignancy.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the natriuretic peptide precursor B (NPPB) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.-1298 G/T and pulse pressure (PP) of the Chinese Han population and the association between genotype and clinical indicators of hypertension. Peripheral blood was collected from 180 unrelated patients with hypertension and 540 healthy volunteers (control group), and DNA was extracted to amplify the 5'-flanking region and 2 exons of the NPPB gene by polymerase chain reaction; the fragment was sequenced after purification. The clinical data of all subjects were recorded, the distribution of the NPPB gene c.-1298 G/T polymorphism was determined, and differences in clinical indicators between the two groups were evaluated. The mean arterial pressure PP, and creatinine levels were significantly higher in the hypertension group than in the control group (P < 0.05), but no other clinical indicators differed between the groups. There were no significant differences in genotype frequency and distribution of the NPPB gene c.-1298 G/T polymorphism between the hypertension group and the control group (P > 0.05); in the control group, the mean PP of individuals with the SNP c.-1298 GG genotype was greater than that of individuals with the GT+TT genotype (P < 0.05).In conclusion, there was no significant correlation between the NPPB gene c.-1298 G/T polymorphism and the incidence of essential hypertension in the Han population; however, the PP of the SNP c.-1298 GG genotype was greater than that of the GT+TT genotype in the control group.

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With the rapid innovation of nanoscience and technology, nanomaterials have also been deeply applied in the medical and health industry and become one of the innovative methods to treat many diseases. In recent years, bioactive nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention and have made some progress in the treatment of some major chronic diseases, such as nervous system diseases and various malignant tumors. Bioactive nanomaterials depend on their physical and chemical properties (crystal structure, surface charge, surface functional groups, morphology, and size, etc.) and direct produce biological activity and play to the role of the treatment of diseases, compared with the traditional nanometer pharmaceutical preparations, biological active nano materials don’t exert effects through drug release, way more directly, also is expected to be more effective for the treatment of diseases. However, further studies are needed in the evaluation of biological effects, fate in vivo, structure-activity relationship and clinical transformation of bionanomaterials. Based on the latest research reports, this paper reviews the application of bioactive nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of major chronic diseases and analyzes the technical challenges and key scientific issues faced by bioactive nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, to provide suggestions for the future development of this field.