Rationale:Philadelphia chromosome positive acute myeloid leukemia (Ph+ AML) is a rare subtype of AML that is now included as a provisional entity in the 2016 revised WHO classification of myeloid malignancies. However, a clear distinction between de novo Ph+ AML and chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis is challenging. It is still a matter of debate whether Ph+ AML patients should be treated with chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first-line therapy.Patient concerns:We reported here a case of a 46-year-old man who was diagnosed as Ph+ AML. This diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow pathology and karyotype analysis of 46, XY, t (9; 22). Further examination, molecular genetic analysis showed BCR/ABL1 (p190) without ABL1 kinase domain mutations, and direct evidence demonstrated in AML by flow cytometry.Diagnosis:The diagnosis of Ph+ AML was made on May 2016 according to morphology, immunology, cytogenetic, and molecular criteria, and multiple organ failure was also diagnosed.Interventions:The patient was treated with dasatinib as the only medication after experiencing multiple organ failure. Then, he received 2 cycles of chemotherapy with IA (idarubicin 8 mg/m2, day 1–3; cytarabine 100 mg/m2, day 1–7) in August, 2016.Outcomes:The patient finally achieved a complete molecular remission.Lessons:This case study suggests that dasatinib can be a safe and effective treatment for Ph+ AML patients with poor physical condition.

In this article, an in situ observation method, combining laser scanning confocal microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction, was used to investigate the morphological and crystallographic evolution of bainite transformation in a Fe-0.15C binary alloy. The nucleation at a grain boundary and inclusions, sympathetic nucleation, and impingement event of bainitic ferrite were directly shown in real time. The variant evolution during bainite transformation and misorientation between bainitic ferrites were clarified. Strong variant selection was observed during sympathetic nucleation.

Doxorubicin (DOX) plays an important part in lymphoma treatment. However, various side e®ects on normal tissues restrict its clinical use. Nanocarriers connected by Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly (GFLG) can be equipped with the advantages of nanoparticles (NPs), their enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) e®ect, and surface modi¯ability. Nanocarriers can also be speci¯cally enzymatically hydrolyzed by cathepsin (Cath) B, a kind of enzyme highly expressed in tumor cells. In this work, we proposed a novel drug delivery system comprising GFLG conjugated with copper sul¯de (CuS) NPs loaded with DOX. The system, designated as CuS-GFLG-DOX, could be used for NP-based targeted combination chemotherapy. Results showed that the drug delivery system had an appropriate diameter, good dispersibility, high encapsulation e±ciency and high drug loading. The system also exhibited an excellent targeting of lymphoma cells and an enhanced antitumor activity. The possible pathway to induce cytotoxic e®ects was Bcl-2/caspasemediated apoptosis pathway. In conclusion, CuS-GFLG-DOX could precisely deliver drugs to lymphoma cells and could be a novel and promising therapeutic option for lymphoma.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic and a lymphotropic virus. An association between HBV and hematologic malignancies has been determined previously; however, the association between HBV infection and multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV infection in patients with MM, and investigate their characteristics and prognostic significance. The clinical data of 165 patients with MM who had received at least four cycles of chemotherapy between April 2008 and February 2017 at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (Nanjing, China) were collected. HBV markers were determined using ELISA. The rates of acute or chronic HBV infection and resolved HBV infection in patients with MM were 12.12 and 26.06%, respectively. The gain of 1q21 was significantly more prevalent in the patients who were classified as HBV-positive compared with the patients who were classified as HBV-negative (54 vs. 38.2%; P=0.048), and the level of alanine transaminase in patients who were classified as HBV-positive was significantly increased compared with the non-infected group (63.29 vs. 24.66 U/l; P=0.043). Lactate dehydrogenase, serum creatinine and serum calcium levels were additionally determined to be significant risk factors of overall survival. The progression-free survival (PFS) of patients who were classified as HBV-positive was decreased compared with patients who were classified as HBV-negative (18.97 vs. 29.67 months; P=0.006), and being HBV-positive was determined to be an independent prognostic factor of PFS. HBV infection may contribute to MM progression through 1q21 amplification, and improved monitoring of HBV markers in patients with MM may be required.

The circulating CD34+ cell count appears to increase in some APL patients and a higher CD34+ cell count may be indicative of inferior survival and serve as an adverse biomarker for APL.