Recently, organic metal halide perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising photoactive materials in the field of photovoltaics.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced hydroxyapatite composite coatings have been successfully fabricated by laser surface alloying. The phase compositions and the microstructure of the composite coatings were studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). TEM observation showed that a large amount of CNTs can be found with their original tubular morphology in the composite coatings, even though some CNTs react with titanium element in the substrate during laser irradiation. Additionally, measurement on the elastic modulus, hardness of the composite coatings by nanoindentation tests indicated that the mechanical properties are affected by the amount of CNTs in the starting precursor materials. Therefore, CNT reinforced hydroxyapatite composite coating is a promising coating material for high-load-bearing metal implants.

In hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), interfacial engineering can efficiently improve the photovoltaic performance. In this work, the planar π-conjugated porphyrin, zinc(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[5-(p-acetylthiopentyloxy)phenyl]porphyrin, was developed to modify the interface between poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) and perovskite. The modified devices increased their highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 14.05% relative to 11.35% for the reference devices without modification. Such enhancement in efficiency is mainly attributed to the improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF), which benefit from fast hole-extraction and low charge recombination after the employment of well-aligned interlayer.