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Lardy & Wellman (1952) showed that the respiratory activity of carefully isolated liver mitochondria was low but that the rate of respiration could be increased several-fold by addition of ADP together with inorganic phosphate, or by other phosphate-acceptor systems, or by addition of various phenols and related compounds which act by uncoupling oxidation and phosphorylation. Respiration may also be stimulated by structural damage to the mitochondria or by the addition of certain bivalent metal ions, e.g. Ca2+, Mn2+ or Sr2+, which are accumulated by the mitochondria

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