HighlightsPyoderma gangrenosum of the breast as a de novo presentation is rare and mostly associated with underlying autoimmune or hematologic disorders.It is also associated with breast cosmetic surgery or previous cesarian section.In this study, we report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum of the breast in a patient with no prior medical history and no surgeries.Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum of the breast consists of systematic corticosterod use, while surgical debridement has a beneficiary effect.

To thoroughly review the uses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) related to the process of reproduction and also assess new, non-traditional theories. Review of the international literature and research studies. hCG and its receptor, LH/CGR, are expressed in numerous sites of the reproductive tract, both in gonadal and extra-goanadal tissues, promoting oocyte maturation, fertilization, implantation and early embryo development. Moreover, hCG seems to have a potential role as an anti-rejection agent in solid organ transplantation. Future research needs to focus extensively on the functions of hCG and its receptor LH/CGR, in an effort to reveal known, as well as unknown clinical potentials.

Obtaining an adequate number of good quality oocytes while minimizing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and cycle cancellation rates is considered the gold standard in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for fertility treatment. Patients who undergo IVF/ICSI cycles tend to present with different responses to exogenous gonadotrophin administration. Research has shown that the secret probably lies in the various single nucleotide polymorhisms (SNPs) in their receptor genes. The decryption of human genome provided specialists with additional information in assessing and even predicting ovarian response to COH. In this context, the study of Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenetics and SNPs unravels as a promising field in optimizing fertility treatment. Several SNPs in FSH and estrogen receptor genes have been detected so far, but only three of them, one in FSH receptor and two in estrogen receptor genes have been associated with ovarian response to COH. It seems that the Asn/Ser variant of the FSH receptor functions more efficiently, while the Ser/Ser and Asn/Asn variants have a tendency to resist to FSH stimulation. With regards to estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), the Pvull and the Xbal polymorphisms seem to be associated with differences in the response to ovarian stimulation, while the Rsal polymorphism in estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) is currently under investigation. There exists evidence supporting the hypothesis that a set of genes, all related to the FSH hormone mechanism of action, may participate along with other factors to the control of ovarian response to FSH, thus a cautious interpretation of polymorphism detection results is considered mandatory. However, identifying potential genetic markers that could predict ovarian response and implementing them in routine screening tests for every woman entering an IVF/ICSI cycle, would be able to tailor fertility treatment to each patients needs thus maximizing the success rate and eliminating potential side-effects of fertility drugs.

This study supports the hypothesis that a multigenic model, including the well studied ESR1 and FSHR genes is involved in the controlled ovarian stimulation outcome indicating that the CC/AA genotype presents the worst ovulation induction profile, while the TC/SA genotype presents the higher number of pregnancies in our population.