This case study examined how mentoring experiences might encourage teachers to consider and adopt a problem-based historical inquiry (PBHI) framework for teaching. We mentored six teachers over 15 months as they planned and implemented PBHI teaching, reflected on their experiences, and then engaged in peer mentoring of other teachers. Data included surveys, planning artifacts, interviews, and observations. Qualitative analyses of data found all teachers' conceptualizations of practice were affected to varying degrees by mentoring experiences. Results suggest promise for using modeling and scaffolding to assist teachers in linking theory to practice, but suggest that teachers must ground these supports in their own experience before they become fully accessible. Findings support claims that mentoring and collaboration may encourage teachers to de-privatize their knowledge and use each other as resources for making connections to common principles that build a professional knowledge base of wise practice.

We reviewed the clinical and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) findings in 20 patients with poorly differentiated carcinomas presenting initially as parotid or as submandibular masses. There were 11 primary tumors and nine metastatic malignancies in 14 males and six females ranging in age from 39 to 89 yr (median = 66). The tumor types included three primary carcinomas with oncocytic features, three additional cases of high-grade parotid carcinoma, one case of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma, two examples of malignant mixed tumor, one high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and a single example of malignant lymphoepithelial lesion. Six patients with metastatic carcinoma had previous diagnoses of malignancy. In the three remaining individuals, primary carcinomas of the lung (two cases), and an unknown primary site presented initially as parotid masses. Five examples of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, one metastatic basal cell carcinoma, and two metastatic renal cell carcinomas were identified. One parotid lymphoepithelioma was interpreted cytologically as an atypical lymphoproliferative process suggestive of Hodgkin's disease. Nineteen cases (95%) were correctly classified as carcinoma at the time of FNA. High-grade carcinomas aspirated from the parotid may be primary, but are frequently metastatic to either the gland, or to an intraparotid lymph node. Our experience indicates that some metastatic carcinomas present at this site, without a previous history of malignancy. Distinguishing primary from metastatic lesions has important therapeutic implications.