This paper is a tutorial on ongoing work in physical-disorder-based security, security analysis, and implementation choices.

No abstract

We developed a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector system in a close-cycled cryocooler and achieved 24% and 22% system detection efficiencies at wavelengths of 1550 and 1315 nm, respectively. The maximum dark count rate was approximately 1000 counts/s.

No abstract

Electron affinities, Ea, E1 and A1 are reported for the 12 primary X, A–K (27 spin) states of O2(−): KeqT3/2 = (SanQan)(2πmek/h2)3/2exp(Ea/RT); k1 = A1T−1/2exp(−E1/RT). These are obtained from pulsed discharge electron capture detector data by rigorously including literature values and uncertainties in a global non-linear least-squares adjustment. Simple molecular orbital theory predicts 27 bonding and 27 anti-bonding low-lying spin states. For the first time, the positive Ea for the 27 bonding states are reported. The partition function ratios of the negative ion and neutral (SanQan), the A1(X–E) and the spin separations are from fundamental constants. The Ea (in eV) are as follows (with the spin states in brackets): [1.050, 1.070]; [0.915, 0.935]; [0.698, 0.718, 0.746, 0.782]; [0.734, 0.754]; [0.559, 0.587]; 0.518; [0.430, 0.450]; 0.380; 0.354; [0.286, 0.298, 0.318, 0.346]; [0.232, 0.252]; [0.172, 0.184, 0.204, 0.232]. The activation energies (in eV) are as follows: E1(X–C) 1.0; E1(D,E) 1.0, 0.8, 0.6; E1(F–K) 0.12–0.08. The Ea and E1 are used to calculate bonding Herschbach ionic Morse–Person empirical curves.