Purpose: Although the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is primarily a marker of internal training load (TL), it may be sensitive to external TL determining factors, such as duration and volume. Thus, sRPE could provide further information on accumulated fatigue not available from markers of internal TL. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate sRPE during heavy training bouts at relatively constant intensity. Methods: Eleven university swimmers performed a high-volume training session consisting of 4 × 10 × 100-yd (4 × 10 × 91.4 m). Repetition lap time and heart rate were measured for each repetition and averaged for each set. Blood lactate concentration was measured after each set. At the end of each set, a 10-minute rest period was allowed, during which sRPE values were obtained, as if the training bout had ended. Results: There were no differences between sets for lap time (P = .096), heart rate (P = .717), and blood lactate concentration (P = .466), suggesting that the subjects were working at the same external and internal intensity. There was an increase (P = .0002) in sRPE between sets (first 4 [1.2], second 5 [1.3], third 7 [1.3], and fourth 8 [1.5]), suggesting that even when maintaining the same intensity, the perception of the entire workload increased with duration. Conclusions: Increases in duration, although performed with a consistent internal and external intensity, influences sRPE. These findings support the concept that sRPE may provide additional information on accumulated fatigue not available from other markers of TL.

Abstract-For the ambulatory person with lower-limb amputation, insufficient management of perspiration can result in inadequate prosthesis adherence, reduced mobility, and discomfort. This study compared a dynamic air exchange (DAE) prosthesis designed to expel accumulated perspiration with a total surface bearing suction socket (Suction) that cannot. Five people with unilateral transtibial amputation participated in a randomized, crossover experiment. All subjects were given a 1 wk acclimation period to each study prosthesis while we measured their step activity levels. A rest-walk-rest protocol, including a 30 min treadmill walk at a self-selected speed while wearing thermally insulative garments, was then used to observe residual-limb skin temperatures and perspiration. Afterward, subject opinions about the prostheses were assessed with questionnaires. During the weeklong acclimation period, no statistical difference in step activity levels were detected between prostheses (p = 0.22), but this may have been due to self-reported behavioral modifications. During the rest-walkrest protocol, no differences in skin temperatures were observed (p = 0.37). The DAE prosthesis accumulated 1.09 +/-0.90 g and expelled 0.67 +/-0.38 g of perspiration, while the Suction prosthesis accumulated 0.97 +/-0.75 g. The questionnaire results suggest that participants were receptive to both prostheses. The DAE prosthesis was able to expel more than a third of the total perspiration, suggesting it may enable longer uninterrupted periods of perspiration-inducing activity.

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Second, the guidance programs do not get the support of a large minority of teachers.These generalizations give rise to many questions. Does this lack of support for guidance functions stem from a failure on the teachers' part to understand the role of guidance services? Or is the guidance department really ineffective in carrying out its objectives? Or to bring it more into focus, do counselors actually overprotect students or do teachers just think they do? Do teachers send students to counselors for disciplinary action because they don't know what else to do, or do counselors actually encourage this practice by accepting the role of disciplinarian?It is hoped that the results of this try-out study will interest other investigators in initiating more comprehensive studies of teacher opinion of guidance services.

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