Patients with BPS/IC are at risk of development of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. These findings can help guide urologists, urogynecologists, and psychiatrists toward early identification and treatment of psychological complications that may develop in BPS/IC patients.

The high level of occupational stress and burnout among nurses can lead to insomnia, anxiety, and depression. However, the actual risks for healthcare-seeking for these stress-related mental health problems among nurses are still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the risks and influencing factors of treated anxiety, depression, and insomnia among nurses. We used claims data obtained from the 2010 National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Hospital nurses who had at least 3 coded ambulatory care claims or 1 inpatient claim with a principal diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or insomnia were identified. A cohort of 46,120 nurses and 92,240 matched controls were included. All the study subjects were followed up until the onset of any of the aforementioned outcomes, death, or the end of 2012. Results showed that the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for treated anxiety, depression, and insomnia among all the nurses were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88–0.95), 0.59 (95% CI, 0.55–0.63), and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.38–1.48), respectively. Furthermore, the risks of these psychiatric problems in healthcare-seeking nurses were affected by age, gender, hospital level, and job tenure. Our findings suggest that hospital nurses have lower hazards of treated anxiety and depression than the general population, although they have a higher hazard of treated insomnia. There may be undertreatment in some subgroups of nurses with different demographic and working characteristics.

The findings suggest that IM haloperidol (5 mg) plus lorazepam (2 mg) is not inferior to IM olanzapine (10 mg) in the treatment of acute schizophrenic patients with moderate to severe agitation (ClinialTrials.gov identifier number NCT00797277).