Results indicated adequate to good internal consistency reliability for the KADD for this sample, with a Cronbach's coefficient alpha of 0.82. Additionally, results yielded initial discriminant evidence to suggest that the KADD has construct validity for this sample. Implications for the use of this instrument in applied areas are discussed.

This study compared the general self-esteem and attributions of LD and non-LD junior high-school students and the general attributions and task-specific attributions of LD students. Subjects were 35 LD students and 99 non-LD students. All subjects completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale (IAR). LD students also completed a spelling task and gave reasons for their success or failure on the task. Mean scores for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale were not significantly different for LD and non-LD students. However, LD students' internal responses to the IAR were not mirrored on the spelling task. LD students gave internal responses to the general attribution measure, but not to the task-specific attribution measure. It was concluded that LD students' attribution patterns help explain why LD students may verbalize a desire to do well in school, but fail to expend the effort necessary to complete work and, consequently, appear to be poorly motivated.

Most older adults are not physically active and are stereotypically presumed to be relatively "set in their ways. " We measured stages of change among a sample of older adults and compared them between active and inactive subgroups. Participants (n = 59) aged 59-80 (M = 64.9) completed the Stages of Change scale about their levels of physical activity: 18 were exercise program participants; 20 were a matched group of retirees; 21 had particcpated in an Elderhostel program. We hypothesized that stage levels would be nonlinear and differ significantly and that the profiles of stages between groups would be nonparallel. Results support both hypotheses. For the total sample, action and maintenance subscale scores were higher than precontemplation subscale scores. Between groups, the exercise and Elderhostel groups scored higher on action and maintenance that the retiree group, while the retirees scored higher than the others on precontemplation. We present discussion and implications for intervention programming and future research.