Cerium oxide nanoparticles have widespread use in the materials industry, and have recently come into consideration for biomedical use due to their potent regenerative antioxidant properties. Given that the brain is one of the most highly oxidative organs in the body, it is subject to some of the greatest levels of oxidative stress, particularly in neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, cerium oxide nanoparticles are currently being investigated for efficacy in several neurodegenerative disorders and have shown promising levels of neuroprotection. This review discusses the basis for cerium oxide nanoparticle use in neurodegenerative disease and its hypothesized mechanism of action. The review focuses on an up-to-date summary of in vivo work with cerium oxide nanoparticles in animal models of neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, we examine the current state of information regarding biodistribution, toxicity, and safety for cerium oxide nanoparticles at the in vivo level. Finally, we discuss future directions that are necessary if this nanopharmaceutical is to move up from the bench to the bedside.

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The title compound, [Ni(C18H30FO2P2)(C3H4N2)]PF6, was prepared by halide abstraction with TlPF6 in the presence of CH3CN in CDCl3 from the respective neutral pincer chlorido analogue followed by addition of pyrazole. The PO—C—OP pincer ligand acts in typical trans-P2 tridentate fashion to generate a distorted square-planar nickel structure. The Ni—N(pyrazole) distance is 1.925 (2) Å and the plane of the pyrazole ligand is rotated 56.2 (1)° relative to the approximate square plane surrounding the NiII center in which the pyrazole is bound to the NiII atom through its sp 2-hybridized N atom. This Ni—N distance is similar to bond lengths in the other reported NiII pincer-ligand square-planar pyrazole complex structures; however, its dihedral angle is significantly larger than any of those for the latter set of pyrazole complexes.