The relations of future expectations (general and academic) to academic outcomes were examined in a sample of 129 African American high-achieving adolescents (majority female participants, n = 92). This study was interested in the multidimensional nature of future expectations. Results from the study confirm the hypothesis that academic future expectations accounted for more variance in the relation to academic outcomes than general future expectations. In addition, the results suggest that the association of academic future expectations to grade point average lessens in the presence of negative friends. Suggestions for future research are offered.

This study examines correlates that contribute to sexually aggressive attitudes toward women. Using a sample that includes 217 college males from 3 southern universities, the study evaluates the relationship between college men’s hypermasculine and sexually aggressive attitudes, as well as how fraternity membership and disinhibition moderate this relationship. We hypothesized that sexually aggressive attitudes would be associated with a 3-way interaction among disinhibition, fraternity membership, and hypermasculine attitudes; this hypothesis was not supported. In addition, we hypothesized a similar 3-way interaction with hostility toward women as the dependent variable, as research suggests this is a precursor to sexually aggressive attitudes. Although this hypothesis was not supported, this study did reveal significant 2-way interactions: Fraternity Membership × Hypermasculinity and Fraternity Membership × Disinhibition. These results are further explained, and future directions are explored.

The purpose of this study is twofold: to evaluate the factor structure of the Auburn Differential Masculinity Index and to investigate the varied adoption of hypermasculine attitudes within a sample of 328 collegiate males (M = 19.50, SD = 1.53). Factor analytic procedures were used to determine a factor structure that provided the best fit for the data. Four dimensions emerged: dominance & aggression, sexual identity, anti-femininity, and devaluation of emotion. Cluster analytic methods were used to determine a profile structure. These clusters were compared across variables associated with the construct: hostility toward women, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Results indicate that a four-cluster solution was robust and well fitting, with each cluster having a unique adoption of the dimensions, Extreme Hypermasculine, Traditional Masculine, Traditional Hypermasculine, Non-Hypermasculine. Results of the study suggest hypermasculinity is not an all-or-none construct, but males can endorse varied levels, which may lead to diverse outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between negative youth experiences and bravado attitudes in African American urban males. In addition, an examination of positive factors, such as school social support, was examined to understand potential resilient pathways. Data were collected at two sites, a science and math center (n = 68) and an academy for academic achievement (n = 58). Using Spencer's PVEST (2006) model as a framework, the study hypothesized that negative youth experiences would have a positive relation with bravado attitudes, but perceptions of school support would lessen this relationship. The Perceived School Support construct consisted of students' perceptions of their teachers and administrators. The results partially confirmed the hypothesis. The results also highlight the importance of adolescent perceptions of support in the school context and how this perceived support may decrease bravado attitudes. Further explanation of study's results, future research opportunities, and policy implications are explored.at UNIV OF WISCONSIN OSHKOSH on June 7, 2015 eus.sagepub.com Downloaded from Education and Urban Society 44(5)

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