Organizational approaches to racial inequality have provided contextual insight into a host of traditional stratification outcomes (e.g., hiring, earnings, authority). This chapter extends the organizational approach by drawing on the health-stress framework to explore how organizational context affects experiential and health-related outcomes À discrimination, social support, and psychological distress. Drawing on a sample of Black workers in the United States, we examine the relationship between workplace racial composition and psychological distress, as well as two potential mediators À racial discrimination and workplace social support. Our findings reveal that psychological distress is similar for Black workers in token (<25% Black coworkers), tilted other race (25À49.99% Black coworkers), and tilted same race (50À74.99% Black coworkers) job contexts. Workers in Blackdominated jobs (>75% Black coworkers), however, experience significantly less psychological distress than other compositional thresholds, net of individual, job, and workplace characteristics. This relationship is not explained by either racial discrimination experiences or supervisor and coworker social

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This study investigated the effectiveness of the Hand Test in discriminating the differential symptomatology of posttraumatic stress (PTS) in Vietnam combat veterans (VCVs). Participants were 108 VCV outpatients, 85 of whom met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 23 patients that were found to meet some, but not the minimum criteria, required for a diagnosis of PTSD by the DSM-IV. The latter group of patients was classified into a subclinical PTSD, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) group. Results showed higher levels of overall psychopathology, a vulnerable capacity for coping, and a tendency for feelings of inadequacy and inferiority in the PTSD group. The PTSD group also exhibited more limited interaction with the world around them than the PTSS group, which may be indicative of withdrawal, apathy, or a lack of concern with environmental activities and goals. These findings are discussed in relation to the assessment, understanding, and treatment of PTS symptomatology and PTSD.

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