In clinical disease, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are easily measurable in EBC using standard laboratory techniques and EBC is readily obtained. However, EBC and BAL markers do not correlate.

In asbestos-related disorders, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are significantly elevated in subjects with asbestosis compared with healthy individuals but not in pleural diseases.

No abstract

The products of the flowering plant, lupin, are increasingly used as a human food product, particularly in baking. Occupational sensitization to lupin with occupational rhinitis, conjunctivitis and asthma was first described in 2001, and confirmed in a larger cross-sectional study in a food processing company in 2006. Sensitization by inhalation may result in occupational asthma, work-exacerbated asthma, occupational rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The incidence of occupational sensitization may be as high as 29%. The relationship with exposure intensity is as yet unclear, and requires further clarification. Although there is little information from long-term studies, these diseases are likely to improve after cessation of exposure. Cross-sensitization to other legumes, particularly peanuts, has been shown by skin prick testing, with potential for serious anaphylactic reactions. This review summarizes the available literature on occupational sensitization to lupin products. It is one of two reviews, one covering the problem of lupin allergy in the home, while the present article deals with lupin sensitization in the workplace. Increased awareness is needed of this occupational hazard to avoid future cases of occupational disease and their accompanying morbidity and potential mortality.