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Background/Aim: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder characterized by autonomous parathyroid hormone (PTH) production from one or more parathyroid glands and hypocalcemia. Vitamin D through its receptor is a principal regulator of parathyroid glands function. VDR gene polymorphisms, which affect the expression or structure of VDR protein, may be involved in the genetic pathogenesis of PHPT. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of FokI, ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI VDR gene polymorphisms as genetic predisposing factors for PHPT. Patients and Methods: Fifty unrelated patients with sporadic PHPT and an equal number of corresponding ethnicity, sex and age range healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Genotyping was performed with polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in TaqI