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. 2000. Sewage water irrigation effects on some potentially toxic trace elements in soil and potato plants in northwestern India. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 465-471. Sewage water is used for irrigation to improve crop yields, but it may affect the soil and crop quality. The effects of discharging the effluents of a leather complex on the concentrations of some potentially toxic elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, As, Cr and Ni) in sewage water and the effects of irrigation with contaminated sewage water on the concentrations of these elements in soils and in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves and tubers were studied near Jalandhar city, Punjab, in northwestern India. Two treatments were 10 yr of irrigation with 300 mm of sewage water + 300 mm of ground water per annum (SW) and with 600 mm of ground water per annum (GW). Soils of the study fields were Typic Ustochripts with sandy to loamy sand texture. The concentrations of all elements except As increased following the addition of leather complex effluents in the sewage water, with the biggest increase in the concentration of Cr (from 2.7 mg to 14.0 mg Cr L -1 ). The SW treatment increased concentrations of all elements in soil except As, and the increase was significant to 60 cm depth for Fe, Mn, Zn, Al and Ni and to 30 cm depth for Cu and Cr. Irrigation with SW also increased the concentrations of these elements in potato leaves and tubers and the increase was generally higher in leaves than in tubers. The proportional increase of Cu, Fe, Zn and Al was less in plants than in soils, that of Mn and Cr was almost similar in plants and in soil, and that of Ni was more in plants than in soil. These elements, which accumulate in soils and crops, may become health hazards to humans and/or animals. Therefore, continued monitoring of the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in soil and plants and/or treatment of sewage water before using for irrigation is needed.

Metal organic framework is a class of hybrid network of supramolecular solid materials comprised of a large number of inorganic and organic linkers all bounded to metal ions in a well-organized fashion. This type of compounds possess a greater surface area with an advantage of changing pore sizes, diversified and beautiful structure which withdrew an intense interest in this field. In the present review articles, the structural aspects, classification, methods of synthesis, various factors affecting the synthesis and stability, properties and applications have been discussed. Recent advances in the field and new directions to explore the future scope and applications of MOFs have been incorporated in this article to provide current status of the field.

Metal organic framework is a class of hybrid network of supramolecular solid materials comprised of a large number of inorganic and organic linkers all bounded to metal ions in a well organised fashion. This type of compounds possess a greater surface area with an advantage of changing pore sizes, diversified and beautiful structure which withdrew an intense interest in this field. In the present review article structural aspects; classification; methods of synthesis; various factors affecting the synthesis and stability; properties and applications have been discussed. Recent advances in the field and new directions to explore the future scope and applications of MOFs have been incorporated to provide current status of the field.