Counties in the northeastern United States in which large water resource development projects constructed between 1948 and 1958 were examined to determine whether the projects stimulated economic growth. A growth index was developed for use as a dependent variable, which was then tested for its relationship with several independent variables by regression and discriminant analyses. Selected nonproject counties were examined to check further the relationship between the independent variables and growth index. Counties with high growth indices and development projects were found to be near urban areas, whereas counties with low growth indices and no projects were in rural areas. A subsample of rural project and nonproject counties was examined; it showed no significant relationship to the growth index. From these findings we infer that water resource development projects are likely to be poor tools for accelerating economic growth of rural counties in the northeastern United States.
India's contribution to global CO2 emissions makes it a priority case for policy makers worldwide. The Indian government is considering the adoption of energy labels for new passenger cars to tackle CO2 emissions. This paper's first aim is to asses New Delhi's car buyers' preferences for cars displaying energy labels. To do so, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) has been designed to document both WTP for energy efficiency (212 USD for one kilometer per liter) and WTP for the best efficiency label (4.93 thousand USD). The informational nudge embedded in a labeling system may not be enough to boost uptake of efficient cars. Thus this paper investigates the potential of combining a labeling system and car driving restrictions. Via a split-sample approach, this paper documents an increase of 2.55 thousand USD in stated WTP for the best efficiency label. This number can be interpreted as reflecting the costs imposed by the driving restrictions on car drivers. Under this interpretation, 2.55 thousand USD fall within the range of estimations reported in previous studies. The results in this paper suggest that a combination of driving restrictions and a labeling system may deliver an increase in energy efficient cars in New Delhi.
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