The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) trimer formation renders it inactive for binding to its receptors thus mitigating the vicious cycle of inflammation. We designed a peptide (PIYLGGVFQ) that simulates a sequence strand of human TNFα monomer using a series of in silico methods, such as active site finding (Acsite), protein-protein interaction (PPI), docking studies (GOLD and Modeller) followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The MD studies confirmed the intermolecular interaction of the peptide with the TNFα. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the peptide effectively inhibited the binding of TNF to the cell surface receptors. The cell culture assays showed that the peptide significantly inhibited the TNFα-mediated cell death. In addition, the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) was significantly suppressed in the peptide-treated A549 cells as observed in immunofluorescence and gelmobility-shift assays. Furthermore, peptide protected against joint damage in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)mouse model as revealed in the microfocal-CT scans. In conclusion, this TNFα antagonist would be useful for the prevention and repair ofinflammatory bone destruction and subsequent loss in the mouse model of CIA as well as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This calls upon further clinical investigation to utilize its potential effect as an anti-arthritic drug.

The inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) trimer formation renders it inactive for binding to its receptors thus mitigating the vicious cycle of inflammation. We designed a peptide (PIYLGGVFQ) that simulates a sequence strand of human TNFα monomer using a series of in silico methods, such as active site finding (Acsite), protein-protein interaction (PPI), docking studies (GOLD and Modeller) followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The MD studies confirmed the intermolecular interaction of the peptide with the TNFα. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the peptide effectively inhibited the binding of TNF to the cell surface receptors. The cell culture assays showed that the peptide significantly inhibited the TNFα-mediated cell death. In addition, the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) was significantly suppressed in the peptide-treated A549 cells as observed in immunofluorescence and gelmobility-shift assays. Furthermore, peptide protected against joint damage in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model as revealed in the microfocal-CT scans. In conclusion, this TNFα antagonist would be useful for the prevention and repair of inflammatory bone destruction and subsequent loss in the mouse model of CIA as well as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This calls upon further clinical investigation to utilize its potential effect as an anti-arthritic drug.