The phase structure and critical phenomena of the 3 þ 1 dimensional charged black holes in asymptotically flat spacetime are investigated within the Rényi statistics. As the nonextensive parameter λ above zero, a charged black hole can be in thermodynamic equilibrium with surrounding thermal radiation and have a Hawking-Page phase transition. This gives more evidence supporting the proposed conjectured equivalence between the black hole thermodynamics in asymptotically flat spacetime via Rényi statistics and that in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime via Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics. The present work also provides another aspect of supporting evidence through exploring the extended phase space within the Rényi statistics. Working on a modified version of the Smarr formula, the thermodynamic pressure P and volume v of a charged black hole are found to be related to λ. The thermodynamics of asymptotically flat charged black holes via Rényi statistics has the Van der Waals phase structure, P − v criticality and universal constant, in a similar way as that of asymptotically AdS charged black hole via Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics. This raises an interesting question of how λ in the former system relates to jΛj in the latter one.

No abstract

No abstract

We study the mixed phase of charged AdS black hole and radiation when the total energy is fixed below the threshold to produce a stable charged black hole branch. The coexistence conditions for the charged AdS black hole and radiation are derived for the generic case when radiation particles carry charge. The phase diagram of the mixed phase is demonstrated for both fixed potential and charge ensemble. In the dual gauge picture, they correspond to the mixed phase of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and hadron gas in the fixed chemical potential and density ensemble respectively. In the nuclei and heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies, the mixed phase of exotic QGP and hadron gas could be produced. The mixed phase will condensate and evaporate into the hadron gas as the fireball expands.

No abstract