Understanding factors that influence the spatial and temporal distributions of blood parasites is important to help predict how host species and their parasites may respond to global change. Factors that may influence parasite distributions are land cover and host dispersal patterns, which may result in exposure of a host to novel parasites, or escape from parasites of their origin. We screened golden-winged warblers from across the United States and Canada for blood parasites, and investigated whether land-use patterns or host dispersal affected the prevalence and composition of haemosporidian assemblages. Parasite prevalence varied strongly with study area, and areas with high agricultural cover had a significantly higher prevalence of Leucocytozoon and Parahaemoproteus parasites. Lineages of Parahaemoproteus and Leucocytozoon were genetically differentiated among study areas, and prevalence and composition of parasite assemblages indicated an increase in parasite prevalence and accumulation of unique parasite lineages from the southeast to the northwest. This matches the historical range expansion and natal dispersal patterns of golden-winged warblers, and suggests that golden-winged warblers may have been sensitive to novel parasites as they dispersed. The high prevalence and diversity of parasite lineages in the north-west extent of their breeding range (Manitoba) indicates that this population may face unique pressures.
The extent of early successional vegetation communities is declining worldwide. Sometimes species use early successional vegetation communities associated with anthropogenic development (e.g., rangeland, cropland, transportation corridors, aggregate mines), given that, at face value, these ecosystem types can share many of the same characteristics (e.g., lack of mature trees). This may have a negative impact on species' health by lowering access to resources or by increasing exposure or susceptibility to vectors carrying disease agents leading to infections. We investigated whether proximity to anthropogenic development had a negative impact on several health metrics of a threatened, early successional species, the Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera). Golden-winged Warblers with more rangeland/grassland within 200 m of their capture location were more likely to be infected with Haemoproteus parasites, whereas those with greater marsh cover within 200 m of their capture location were more likely to be infected with Leucocytozoon parasites, and those near rivers had higher body-fat scores. As infection prevalence and body-fat scores may have an impact on avian fitness, the variable response of these land-cover types indicates an additional conservation concern for this threatened species. La graisse corporelle et les parasites sanguins de la Paruline à ailes dorées sont associés à des paramètres anthropiques et environnementaux de l'habitatRÉSUMÉ. L'étendue des communautés végétales de début de succession décroît dans le monde entier. Les espèces utilisent parfois des communautés végétales de début de succession associées aux milieux d'origine anthropique (p. ex. pâturages, terres cultivées, couloirs de transport, mines), étant donné qu'à première vue, ces types d'écosystèmes partagent de nombreuses caractéristiques (p. ex. l'absence d'arbres matures). Cette réalité peut avoir un effet négatif sur la santé des espèces en réduisant l'accès aux ressources ou augmentant l'exposition ou la sensibilité aux vecteurs porteurs d'agents pathogènes conduisant à des infections. Nous avons examiné si la proximité avec un milieu d'origine anthropique avait un effet négatif sur plusieurs paramètres de santé d'une espèce menacée spécialiste de débuts de succession, la Paruline à ailes dorées (Vermivora chrysoptera). Les Parulines à ailes dorées fréquentant des lieux où il se trouvait plus de pâturages ou de prairies dans un rayon de 200 m de leur lieu de capture étaient plus susceptibles d'être infectées par des parasites Haemoproteus, tandis que celles ayant une plus grande superficie de marais dans un rayon de 200 m de leur lieu de capture étaient plus sujettes à être infectées par des parasites Leucocytozoon, et celles ayant été capturées près de rivières avaient des scores de graisse corporelle plus élevés que les autres. Comme la prévalence des infections et le taux de graisse corporelle peuvent avoir un impact sur la condition physique des oiseaux, la réponse variable de ces types d'occupation du sol révèle une no...
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