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It is important for territorial spatial planning to master meteorological disaster risk under the conditions of climate change and then carry out risk adaptation planning according to local conditions. Taking Beijing, a large city in China, as an example, a meteorological disaster risk assessment model was established based on the framework of hazard factors, disaster‐bearing body exposure, and vulnerability of underlying surface. Combined with 11 years of observation data from 293 high‐density weather stations, the rainstorm and high‐temperature risks of urban, agriculture, and ecological spaces were studied. The results show that (1) rainstorms and high‐temperature are mainly distributed in the built‐up areas of plain towns, which are the climate risk factors that need to be considered. (2) The central city of Beijing is at a high risk of rainstorms and high temperature, indicating that the underlying surface and disaster‐bearing body are highly vulnerable to meteorological disasters. (3) In suburbs with agricultural land, there is a certain rainstorm risk in Fangshan and Daxing districts, and a risk of high temperatures in the southern part of Tongzhou and Daxing. (4) The risk of high temperatures in the ecological space (eco‐zone) is relatively low, but the rainstorm risk is relatively high in Pinggu and Miyun. (5) The strategies of coping with rainstorm and high‐temperature disaster risk in Beijing's territorial space planning were discussed.