BackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).Material/MethodsDemographic and laboratory data were acquired for 198 RA and 103 RA-ILD patients and 290 healthy controls. The subjects were categorized into female and male groups and further subcategorized based on age into <60 years and ≥60 years subgroups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), receiver operating characteristics (ROC), Pearson analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the association of PLR, NLR, and LMR with RA and RA-ILD.ResultsMean PLR and NLR were lowest in the control group, followed by the RA and RA-ILD groups (p<0.05). Mean LMR was lowest in the RA-ILD group, followed by the RA and control groups (p<0.05). The area under the ROC (AUROC) values of the PLR to distinguish between RA and controls, RA-ILD and controls, and RA-ILD and RA were 0.676, 0.776, and 0.650, respectively (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested a significantly positive association between the level of PLR and the level of DAS28 (p<0.001). The odds ratio of PLR was 1.101 for RA (p=0.023) and 1.217 for RA-ILD (p<0.001) when compared to the controls.ConclusionsPLR may be applied as a new biomarker for predicting and diagnosing RA and RA-ILD and for distinguishing RA-ILD patients from RA patients and healthy subjects.

The antennal sensilla of Copidosomopsis nacoleiae (Eady) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) were observed under scanning and transmission electron microscopy in this study. The antennae of C. nacoleiae are geniculate, and the flagellum is composed of five subsegments in males and six in females. Six types of sensilla were observed, including sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconic capitate pegs, sensilla placodea, sensilla basiconica, and Böhm's bristles. Sensilla trichodea were evenly distributed throughout the antennae. Sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconic capitate pegs and sensilla placodea were found on the flagellomeres. Sensilla basiconica were only found on the club, and Böhm's bristles were found on the radicle and the pedicel. Sensilla trichodea, sensilla placodea, sensilla chaetica, and sensilla basiconic capitate pegs were found to be the most common sensilla of the parasitoids in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. The external and internal characteristics, types, number, distribution, and dimensions of these sensilla are described, and their possible functions are discussed in accordance with host‐detection behavior. Future studies on the host location mechanisms of C. nacoleiae will be based upon these observations.

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Acne is one of the most frequent and recurring chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin, often persisting for many years. It often occurs in adolescents and is characterized by acne, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts, and mainly affects the face, chest, and back. Many factors contribute to the development of acne, most notably the overproduction of androgens, which leads to high sebum production, hyperkeratosis of the hair follicles, and the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, causing an inflammatory response in the

Even though a variety of treatments for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) currently have been using in clinical, satisfactory therapeutic methods are still lacking. We aimed to compare and rank these treatments for AGA according to their differences in efficacy via Bayesian network meta-analysis, suggesting the optimal therapy for clinical utility to refer. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library database was performed and we included eligible randomized controlled trials. We compared differences in treatment effects of monotherapies and combination therapies using the Bayesian network model. The average difference in alteration from baseline of hair density and hair diameter, and variation value (mean ± SD) between the pre-and post-intervention was selected for main outcome measure and secondary outcome measure. Total 49 RCTs involving 3133 patients and six interventions were included. Regardless of based on hair density or hair diameter, topical/systemic combined with adjunctive therapeutics had the best treatment efficacy among all interventions (MD: 40.11; 95% CrI 25.65-54.59), followed by topical combined with systemic medical therapeutics (MD: 36.41; 95% CrI 17.54-55.24). In addition, in terms of hair density, treatment efficacy had significant difference sequentially among topical medical therapeutics (MD: 22.15; 95% CrI 12.88-31.42), systemic medical therapeutics (MD: 19.91; 95% CrI 6.504-33.22), and adjunctive therapeutics (MD: 18.60; 95% CrI 8.020-29.10) compared to placebo. In recent years, combination therapies are showing significant promise as potential therapies.Taken together with the outcomes of this study, despite the specific mechanism of the effect of combination therapies was not clear and further studies are needed, it may be the best treatment for AGA.