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Achieving carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 is China’s long-term climate change strategy for the 21st century in accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement. Achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality have caused a profound change in the society, which not only requires energy conservation and carbon emission reduction of all walks of life, but also profoundly affects people’s lifestyles. In the current carbon emission reduction research, low-carbon lifestyles tends to focus on the relationship between human behavior and energy conservation. This paper starts from a new perspective, low-carbon lifestyle and health, focuses on the community fitness activity environment in the construction of complete residential communities, seizes the Combination of Physical-Medical Therapy national policy, improves people’s health on the basis of advocating fitness activities and reducing medical travel, closely links low-carbon, health and community construction, and endows the low-carbon community with a health function. Studies have shown that regular exercise can effectively prevent and manage many urban chronic diseases. By carefully selecting the prevalent chronic diseases and population disability adjustment years, this paper presents the characteristics of chronic diseases in major China provinces. Taking into account popular fitness activities, this paper innovatively puts forward the ‘urban chronic disease community physical activity management model’. At the same time, it proposes the community fitness and activity infrastructure design and build strategies to manage urban chronic diseases. At the end of the article, it gives an actual project case of fitness and activity environment and puts forward the suggestion of establishing ‘Living Laboratory for Community Fitness and Activity’ as the test bed to collect big data for follow-up study.