ABSTRACT. Litsea cubeba is an important economic tree in China.Sex identification of the species is required to reduce breeding costs. Molecular biology is an ideal method to achieve this aim because of the lack of morphological differences between male and female plants, especially at the seedling stage. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism was used to amplify sex-related bands. Following sequencing, the amplified fragment Dwas used to create a sequencecharacterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, FD. The SCAR marker is approximately 750 bp, is female-specific, and is expected to be useful for L. cubeba breeding programs. Furthermore, the amplified fragment L had homology to sex-determining-related genes of other species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of this fragment during flower bud development identified expression differences between male and female plants.

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28This study is aim to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity 29 of the essential oil from lotus leaves. The different methods and solvents were 30 selected to extract oils from lotus leaves. About 38 components were found by 31 GC-MS analysis, representing as 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (34.99%), linoleic acid 32 and hexadecanoic acid. TBARS value, AV value and IV value reflected the various 33 physicochemical indexes and lipid properties of Folium nelumbinis oil. Furthermore, 34 antioxidant activities of the leaf samples were examined by FRAP and DPPH assays. 35 In all systems, twice methanol-decolorized and ultrasonic-assisted essential oil using 36 hexane solvent exhibited a higher potential activitythan than that of other extracts 37 (ethanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether). These results provide a clear picture of 38 the essential oils of Folium nelumbinis and demonstrate that the lotus leaves oil has an 39 huge potential as a kind of chemical additive for the food industry owing to the strong 40 antioxidant capacity. 3 41

7 8 1 State key laboratory of ecological pest control for Fujian and Taiwan crops, Fujian Agriculture and 2 7 2 8 Running title: AhRLK1 gene increases resistance to R. solanacearum 2 9Abstract 3 3

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