Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developing at an unexpected rate over the last two decades. However, the unsatisfactory chemical stability of most MOFs hinders some of the fundamental studies in this field and the implementation of these materials for practical applications. The stability in a MOF framework is mostly believed to rely upon the robustness of the M–L (M = metal ion, L = ligand) coordination bonds. However, the role of organic linkers as agents of stability to the framework, particularly the linker rigidity/flexibility, has been mostly overlooked. In this work, we demonstrate that a ligand-rigidification strategy can enhance the stability of MOFs. Three series of ligand rotamers with the same connectivity but different flexibility were prepared. Thirteen Zr-based MOFs were constructed with the Zr6O4(OH4)­(−CO2) n units (n = 8 or 12) and corresponding ligands. These MOFs allow us to evaluate the influence of ligand rigidity, connectivities, and structure on the stability of the resulting materials. It was found that the rigidity of the ligands in the framework strongly contributes to the stability of corresponding MOFs. Furthermore, water adsorption was performed on some chemically stable MOFs, showing excellent performance. It is expected that more MOFs with excellent stability could be designed and constructed by utilizing this strategy, ultimately promoting the development of MOFs with higher stability for synthetic chemistry and practical applications.

considerable advantages are mainly associated with the cooperation of high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g −1), low density (0.53 g cm −3), and the lowest reduction potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) of Li anode and the non-flammability, absence of leakage and vaporization of inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SEs). [1b,2] Nevertheless, the unfavorable conductivity of SEs and the large interfacial resistance between Li anode and SEs make it difficult to realize practical application for SSMLBs. Latterly, the sulfide-type solid electrolytes (SSEs), such as Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , [3] Li 7 P 3 S 11 , [4] and Li 6 PS 5 Cl [5] have attracted widespread concerns due to their outstanding ionic conductivity (>1.0 mS cm −1 at ambient temperature), which holds the promise for providing the potential application in SSLMBs. [6] Unfortunately, the poor compatibility between SSEs and Li anode has been proven theoretically [7] and experimentally, [8] leading to the increase of interfacial resistance and the formation of Li dendrite through the grain boundary or voids in SSEs. [9] In response to this, several strategies have been carried out in SSLMBs as below: i) The doping of element into SSEs can availably modulate their own surface energy to provide a better protection for Li metal, which is conductive to improving its electrochemical stability. [9b,10] ii) Li-M alloys The sulfide-type solid electrolyte (SSE) is considered a promising candidate for solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) owing to its advantages of superior ionic conductivity. Nevertheless, the incompatibility of the sulfide and lithium metal can result in undesirable interface resistance and rapid Li dendrite growth, which seriously hinders its commercial applications. Herein, inspired by the moderation and long duration of sustained release drug carriers when combined with active pharmaceutical ingredients in the biomedical field, poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) gradually interact with a Li anode with constantly decreased Li/SSE interfacial resistance. In addition to intimate contact, the ultrastable LiF-enriched solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is in situ formed via a sustained release effect, which suppresses the Li dendrite effectively. As a result, the symmetric cells demonstrate stable cycling performance for 1200 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm −2 and 300 h at 0.5 mA cm −2. Moreover, LiFePO 4 / Li 6 PS 5 Cl /Li SSLMB delivers a high discharge capacity of over 132.8 mAh g −1 for 900 cycles at 1C with steady Coulombic efficiency. Therefore, this sustained release mechanism and its initially successful application in interfacial modification increase the potential for commercial applications of SSLMBs.

Soluble sugars, organic acids and volatiles are important components that determine unique fruit flavor and consumer preferences. However, the metabolic dynamics and underlying regulatory networks that modulate overall flavor formation during fruit development and ripening remain largely unknown for most fruit species.In this study, by integrating flavor-associated metabolism and transcriptome data from 12 fruit developmental and ripening stages of Actinidia chinensis cv Hongyang, we generated a global map of changes in the flavor-related metabolites throughout development and ripening of kiwifruit.Using this dataset, we constructed complex regulatory networks allowing to identify key structural genes and transcription factors that regulate the metabolism of soluble sugars, organic acids and important volatiles in kiwifruit. Moreover, our study revealed the regulatory mechanism involving key transcription factors regulating flavor metabolism. The modulation of flavor metabolism by the identified key transcription factors was confirmed in different kiwifruit species providing the proof of concept that our dataset provides a suitable tool for clarification of the regulatory factors controlling flavor biosynthetic pathways that have not been previously illuminated.Overall, in addition to providing new insight into the metabolic regulation of flavor during fruit development and ripening, the outcome of our study establishes a foundation for flavor improvement in kiwifruit.

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