Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. Although the fecal–oral route is generally accepted, an increased number of reports indicate that airborne transmission may contribute to PEDV outbreak. Here, we show that PEDV could cause typical diarrhea in piglets through a nasal spray. Firstly, PEDV can develop a transient nasal epithelium infection. Subsequently, PEDV-carrying dendritic cells (DCs) allow the virus to be transferred to CD3+ T cells via the virological synapse. Finally, virus-loaded CD3+ T cells reach the intestine through the blood circulation, leading to intestinal infection via cell-to-cell contact. Our study provides evidence for airborne transmission of a gastrointestinal infected coronavirus and illustrates the mechanism of its transport from the entry site to the pathogenic site.

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Sepsis, a life-threating illness caused by deregulated host immune responses to infections, is characterized by overproduction of multiple reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and excessive pyroptosis, leading to high mortality. However, there is still no approved specific molecular therapy to treat sepsis. Here we reported drug-free tea polyphenols nanoparticles (TPNs) with intrinsic broad-spectrum RONS scavenging and pyroptosis-blocking activities to treat endotoxin (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice. The RONS scavenging activities originated from the polyphenols-derived structure, while the pyroptosis blockage was achieved by inhibiting gasdermin D (GSDMD) mediating the pore formation and membrane rupture, showing multifunctionalities for sepsis therapy. Notably, TPNs suppress GSDMD by inhibiting the oligomerization of GSDMD rather than the cleavage of GSDMD, thus displaying high pyroptosis-inhibition efficiency. As a result, TPNs showed an excellent therapeutic efficacy in sepsis mice model, as evidenced by survival rate improvement, hypothermia amelioration, and the organ damage protection. Collectively, TPNs present biocompatible candidates for the treatment of sepsis.

We report a high performance negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal for fringing field switching (n-FFS) display. We compare the electro-optic characteristics of FFS cells using positive and negative LCs. With comparable driving voltage and response time, the n-FFS cell has advantages in higher transmittance, single gamma curve, less cell gap sensitivity and slightly wider viewing angle. LC director deformation distribution is analyzed to explain these performance differences.Index Terms-Fringe field switching, liquid crystal displays (LCD).