canada urgently requires a population health approach to children's mental health-promoting health and preventing disorders, in addition to providing treatment. Underpinning this approach, indicators could enable population monitoring, thereby informing ongoing public investments. to investigate potential indicators for British columbia, we developed a comprehensive population health framework, established selection guidelines, reviewed data sources, and identified sample indicators. while 15 survey and administrative sources yielded 90 indicators, there were significant imbalances in coverage of the framework. to create truly comprehensive children's mental health indicators, we therefore recommend collecting new data, enhancing existing data sources, and evaluating existing programs. RéSuMé en matière de santé mentale des enfants, il est urgent que le canada se dote d'une approche axée sur la santé de la population si nous voulons favoriser la santé et prévenir les problèmes en plus d'offrir des traitements. cette approche devrait s'appuyer sur des indicateurs qui permettraient de faire un suivi de la santé de la population, et donc de guider les investissements publics en cours. dans cette étude, dans le but de suggérer de tels indicateurs pour la colombie-Britannique, nous avons conçu un cadre visant à donner une vue d'ensemble de la santé de la population, élaboré des lignes directrices pour le choix des indicateurs, évalué des sources de données et déterminé des indicateurs possibles. nous avons ainsi retenu 15 enquêtes charlotte waddell, canada research chair in children's health Policy, children's health Policy centre, Faculty of health sciences, simon Fraser University. cody a. shepherd, children's health Policy centre, Faculty of health sciences, simon Fraser University. alice chen, Faculty of health sciences, simon Fraser University. michael h. Boyle, canada research chair in social determinants of child health, offord centre for child studies, Faculty of health sciences, mcmaster University.we are grateful to our funders, British columbia's ministry of children and Family development and the human early learning Partnership. we also thank Kimberley mcewan, Jayne Barker, wayne Jones, and British columbia's child and Youth mental health network for their contributions to this project.

The rapid advancement of additive manufacturing technologies and their extension into biological systems have led to the emergence of a new category of cell-based models, namely bioprinted tissues. By combining automation and spatially controlled deposition of distinct components, such as cells, hydrogels, and mixtures thereof, the tissue engineer can now design and build tissues with far more control over the architecture of the end product. Bioprinted human liver tissues (BHLT) were one of the first commercial examples of a tissue model fabricated from three or more specific cell types using a custom-built robotic bioprinting platform. Significant progress has been made toward characterizing BHLT and evaluating their performance in a broad spectrum of applications, including in vitro safety and efficacy testing, and disease modeling. Like many multicellular and/or three-dimensional liver tissue models, BHLT exhibit enhanced longevity and persistent liver functions (protein synthesis, metabolism) compared with traditional monocellular or two-dimensional systems. BHLT are a compelling option for many in vitro applications due to several factors: (1) they contain cell-cell interfaces with direct contact between multiple cell types without interference from culture surfaces (polystyrene or polymeric membranes); (2) they have sufficient biomass to enable isolation of nucleic acids or proteins for use in genomic or proteomic analyses; and (3) they are compatible with histology techniques and thus enable detection of outcomes that require histological endpoints for interpretation, such as liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The advantages and limitations of BHLT are highlighted herein through a series of exemplary case studies and related discussion.

The reaction of 3-cyano-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one with enamines derived from isobutyraldehyde gave 2-amino derivatives of 3-cyano-1,1-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroazulene, which on heating with sulfuric acid underwent the elimination of amines accompanied by the migration of the methyl group to give 1,2-dimethylazulenes.