We identified a period of 7-13 days after the onset of illness as the critical stage in SFTS progression. A sustained serum viral load may indicate that disease conditions will worsen and lead to death.

The human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) molecule, a non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I antigen, exhibits highly limited tissue distribution and gene variation. Recent studies indicate strong immunoinhibitory properties in tumor cells that may favor their escape from anti-tumor immune responses. However, the role of HLA-G in cervical premalignant and malignant lesions has not been defined clearly. In our study, HLA-G expression was studied in cervical tissue from 119 patients with lesions and 22 normal cervical tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry. HLA-G was expressed in 45% (54/119) of cervical lesion-containing tissues while it was rarely detectable (0/22) in the control specimens (P = 0.000). ROC curve analysis showed that HLA-G has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.694. Furthermore, we investigated soluble HLA-G expression in the plasma of 172 patients with cervical lesions and 20 healthy controls. Significant increases were also observed in soluble HLA-G levels (median, 191.4 vs 45.18 U/ml, P < 0.001). The relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves for soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) show an AUC of 0.710, 0.634, and 0.588, respectively. At the cut-off values of 108.20 U/ml for sHLA-G, 1.5 ng/ml for SCC, and 35 U/ml for CA125, the sensitivity was 73.30%, 47.83%, and 44.83%, respectively. The detection of soluble HLA-G in plasma may have significance in the early detection of cervical malignant lesions.

Soluble human leukocyte antigen‐G (sHLA‐G) has been reported in malignancies and is implicated in mediating immune surveillance of tumor. The aim of our study is to detect serum sHLA‐G levels in colorectal cancer and to determine whether sHLA‐G may be helpful in distinguishing colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases. Serum sHLA‐G levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the feasibility of sHLA‐G in differentiating colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases. Median sHLA‐G concentrations were significantly higher in colorectal cancer compared to normal colorectum, hyperplastic polyp, inflammatory bowel disease and adenoma (all at p < 0.001, respectively). ROC curve for sHLA‐G revealed an area under the curve of 84.2%, and when 88.6 U/mL was used as cutoff, a sensitivity of 72.2% and a specificity of 87.8% were achieved. Comparison of sHLA‐G and carcinoembryogenic antigen ROC curves indicated that sHLA‐G was superior to CEA in differentiating colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases (p < 0.001). ROC curves analysis of the combined sHLA‐G and CEA showed a higher detection capacity (area under the ROC curve, 87.4%) than that of markers considered singly. These findings reveal that serum levels of sHLA‐G are significantly increased in colorectal cancer which may serve as a potent mediator of immune escape in colorectal cancer, and sHLA‐G may be a useful indicator in differentiating colorectal cancer from benign colorectal diseases.