No abstract

Peer-to-peer file sharing over mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) has become a popular application due to the rapid growing number of mobile devices. However, the fact that mobile nodes in a MANET dynamically alter their locations and join/leave the P2P system has posted many challenges in designing a robust and scalable P2P system. Although, in the literature, flooding-based P2P approach has been shown to be robust in a highly dynamic network, it leads to poor efficiency in terms of bandwidth usage and scalability. A new design is required in which cross-layer designs and cognitive approaches could be applied such that it could interact with the requests of users and respond to dynamic change of network topology. In this paper, we propose an efficient and scalable P2P file sharing system over MANET based on Swarm Intelligence, referred to as P2PSI. By applying the cognitive behaviour of the real ant colonies, P2PSI owns the capability of adaptive learning of routing path and is able to cope with mobility problem without flooding. Moreover, P2PSI also adopts cross-layer design to reduce the redundant message overhead and query latency. Performance of P2PSI is evaluated and compared to two existing cross-layer design service discovery protocols through simulations. Our simulation results show that P2PSI achieves better performance in terms of control overhead and request success ratio.

In a pervasive environment, regional servers with local information may be deployed everywhere and pervasive computing devices may require connecting to the nearest service server to download the most up-to-date information. This study investigates the problem of routing packets to the nearest server in a pervasive environment. An anycast routing protocol based on Swarm Intelligence and anycast service, called Anycast Routing Protocol using Swarm Intelligence (ARPSI), is proposed to route packets dynamically to a nearby server in a mobile, ad hoc, wireless network. ARPSI applies the behavior of the real ant colonies to find a shorter path to a neighboring server efficiently and quickly. Simulation results show that ARPSI achieves a higher packet delivery ratio, shorter routing path to anycast servers, and lower control packet overhead than A-AODV protocol. To our knowledge, this is the first work to integrate swarm intelligence and anycast service to solve anycast routing in a mobile ad hoc network with servers deployed at stationary locations.

As digital devices with communication capability become more pervasive, we are entering the era of ubiquitous computing, as predicted by Mark Weiser. In ubiquitous environments, distributed context management servers are deployed everywhere to provide information and computing resources for users anytime and anywhere. Smart handheld computing devices with context‐aware applications may retrieve context information from the nearest server. This study investigates the problem of routing packets to the nearest server in a ubiquitous environment. An anycast routing protocol based on swarm intelligence, referred to as ARPSI, is proposed to route packets dynamically to a nearby server in a mobile, ad hoc, wireless network. Based on swarm intelligence, ARPSI is able to find a short path to a neighboring server efficiently and quickly. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of ARPSI and our simulation results show that ARPSI achieves a higher packet delivery ratio, shorter routing path to anycast servers, and lower control packet overhead than the AODV‐based anycast protocol (A‐AODV) protocol. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.